medicinal plant species constitute a considerable part of the flora in iran and play a major role in the composition of plant communities. therefore, it is necessary to recognize the factors leading to the establishment and distribution of vegetation. for data sampling (2012), land units were specified. the plot size was determined using minimal area method and number of plots was determined by...

leishmaniasis has a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms due to infection to numbers of leishmania species and makes enormous mortality and morbidity. there are clues of antileishmanial effects of prenylated coumarins. apiaceae family is one of the most important sources of coumarins. air-dried aerial parts of ferulago angulata and fruits of prangos asperula were extracted with n -hexane, using ...

THE role of androdioecy (the presence of male and hermaphrodite individuals in a breeding population) in the evolution of dioecy has long been the subject of much interest and discussion1-9. But no functionally androdioecious species has been previously documented2 and recent studies have even raised doubt about whether the phenomenon exists at all3. Although many cases of androdioecy have been...

Tillering is defined as the process of above-ground shoot production by a single plant. The number of grass tillers is one of the most important parameters in ecology and breeding studies. The number of tillers is usually determined by manually counting the separated shoots from a single plant. Unfortunately, this method is too time-consuming. In this study, a new method for counting grass till...

The productivity of a perennial lupin/cocksfoot mix was compared to that of lucerne in summer dry conditions at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. The pastures were planted in December 2013 and rotationally grazed by ewe lambs in autumn 2014 (Year 1), and by ewe hoggets in spring-summer and ewe lambs in autumn of 2014/2015 (Year 2) and 2015/2016 (Year 3). For lupin/cocksfoot relative ...

One of the most potent of these drought survival traits is summer dormancy. Plants that give either nil or minimal growth after rainfall or irrigation in summer are expressing summer dormancy. There have been several field experiments conducted over the recent drought periods where grasses with the summer dormancy trait have had much better survival over extended and intensely dry periods than ...

Effects of harvesting ruminal micro-organisms from ruminal ̄uid on patterns of gas production were investigated in experiment 1 by incubating 200 mg DM of pure cellulose, oatfeed, ryegrass, cocksfoot, wet and dry season kikuyu grasses with either diluted ruminal ̄uid or harvested ruminal bacteria. Gas production degradability parameters obtained from ®tting the data to the model Gas ˆ B(1ÿ expÿ...