Current Polish Standard methods for the determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in natural fresh water were compared with other official standards, mostly from the U.S. (ASTM, USEPA, USGS), regarding recommended top concentrations of measured elements in measured solutions and methods of regulating the sensitivity of measurements. Some of the disadvantageous limitations of co...

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM G-159, IEC-9043, ISO 9845-1) provide standard spectra for photovoltaic performance applications. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models and knowledge of atmospheric physics are applied to dev...

An automated method, based on the Hewlett-Packard ORCA (Optimized Robot for Chemical Analysis) system, for sample preparation and analysis of petroleum samples by simulated distillation (SIMDIS) is described. Results obtained for the robotically prepared samples show excellent agreement with those obtained from the same samples prepared manually. The application, based on ASTM method D 2887, is...

For quantitative determination of lignin, we have invasive (gravimetric determination i. e. ASTM, TAPPI, SCAN) and non-invasive methods on our disposal. Invasive methods are not suitable for historical documents. On the other hand, several spectroscopic techniques are in use, based on IR and UV spectroscopy. The absorption of light of λ > 300 310 nm by pure cellulose is minimal and most UVspect...

In the petrochemical industry, certain elements are known to impact the performance and value of the final product, while others have detrimental effects on petroleum refining processes, as in the case of elements which can deactivate or poison catalysts. Consequently, there are several ASTM methods on the elemental analysis of oils, lubricants and fuels. Multi-Element Analysis of Petroleum Cru...