BACKGROUND During the 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) virus (pH1N1) outbreak, school students were at an increased risk of infection by the pH1N1 virus. However, the estimation of the attack rate showed significant variability. METHODS Two school outbreaks were investigated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect information by interview. Throat samples were collected from ...

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the mumps transmission control status and inapparent infection rate among middle and high school students in Daegu City during a mumps outbreak. METHODS Nine schools (two middle schools and seven high schools), which reported a number of mumps cases between 2007 and 2008 were selected for investigation. During March-May 2008, a standard quest...

Current estimates of antiviral effectiveness for influenza are based on the existing strains of the virus. Should a pandemic strain emerge, strain-specific estimates will be required as early as possible to ensure that antiviral stockpiles are used optimally and to compare the benefits of using antivirals as prophylaxis or to treat cases. We present a method to measure antiviral effectiveness u...

C virus is a highly seroprevalent ubiquitous polyomavirus which is acquired at an early age through respiratory or oral route, Thereafter JCV establishes persistent, but mainly asymptomatic, infections in various tissues, including the genitourinary tract and brain. In individuals with altered immunity, viral replication can occur leading to serious organ diseases. In contrast to polyomavirus B...

For infectious pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, some hosts may carry the pathogen and transmit it to others, yet display no symptoms themselves. These asymptomatic carriers contribute to the spread of disease but go largely undetected and can therefore undermine efforts to control transmission. Understanding the natural history of carriage and its relationsh...

The aortopulmonary window (APW) is an abnormal communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk in the presence of two separate semilunar valves. It is a rare congenital malformation which represents 0.1% of all congenital cardiac diseases. Herein, we report a very rare case of 27-year-old patient with unrepaired APW causing Eisenmenger syndrome and pulmonary hypertension who w...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common infectious disease. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant etiological agent of UTI. Asymptomatic bacteriuric E. coli (ABEC) strains successfully colonize the urinary tract resulting in asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) and do not induce symptoms associated with UTI. Oxylipids are key signaling molecules involved in inflammatio...

OBJECTIVES To study the early pathological changes in renal lesions of asymptomatic patients with kidney diseases, with no definite aetiology living in regions endemic for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDUe). Design Retrospective study. SETTING Regions endemic for CKDUe in and around the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. STUDY POPULATION Two hundred and eleven asymptomatic...

asymptomatic malaria (asm) has been implicated in the development of hemolytic crisis in infected sickle cell anemia (sca) patients worldwide. this study surveyed steady state sca nigerian patients for asm to investigate the influence of malaria prevention behaviors and age on parasitaemia and multiplicity of infection (moi). a total of 78 steady sca patients aged 5 – 27 years on routine care a...

conclusions: the most common infectious episode among spinal cord injury patients was found to be urinary tract ınfection. e. coli was the most common microorganism isolated from urine samples. antibiotic use in the previous 2 weeks or 3 months, hospitalization during the last one-year and previous diagnosis of urinary tract ınfection were the risk factors identified for the development of infe...