conclusions according to the results of this study, as carbamazepine and valproate sodium consumption can result in elevated serum levels of homocysteine and decreased levels of folate and vitamin b12, and the atherogenic effect of increased serum homocysteine level is well established, the patients under these medications should be monitored for possible atherogenic effects. results finally, t...

cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death in the modernized world.   several novel noninvasive imaging techniques have been recently developed to improve diagnosis of cardiac and coronary disease.   of these advances, multidetector computed tomographic (mdct) angiography has evolved most dramatically to transform computed tomography from a single-slice trans-axial modality to ...

familial hypercholesterolemia (fh) is a hereditary dislipidemia. patients present with extremely high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c), which is due to mutation in the gene of ldl receptor. homozygous patients (hofh) whose incidence is 1 in 1.000.000 are at high risk of premature aortic valve stenosis, and coronary artery atherosclerosis. in homozygous individuals cardiovasc...

Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing-loss (SSNHL) patients constitute approximately 2–3% of referrals to ear, nose and throat (ENT) clinics. Several predisposing factors have been proposed for this condition; one of which is vascular disorders and perfusion compromise. In this research the atherosclerotic changes and their known risk factors are studied in SSNHL patients.   Materials and ...

Objective: To assess the oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to (LDL) ratio as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients Methodology: This case control study was carried out at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Karachi, from January December 2018. The were selected dialysis center (group B) whereas controls recruited normal healthy population A). access statu...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Valvular atherosclerosis is defined as extra- and intracellular lipid deposition, thickening of the fibrosa layer, decreased thickness of the spongiosa, and chronic inflammation. We sought to identify the predictive factors for valvular atherosclerosis and assess the possible associations between valvular atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis using the Gensini score. ...

Many expected that the splendid and remarkable success of statins and other preventive measures introduced toward the end of the 20th century would halt the epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Yet, rather than receding globally, the burden of ischemic cardiovascular conditions has risen to become a top cause of morbidity, loss of useful life years, and mortality worldwide. Becau...