We study the topological centers of $nth$ dual of Banach $mathcal{A}$-modules and we extend some propositions from Lau and "{U}lger into $n-th$ dual of Banach $mathcal{A}-modules$ where $ngeq 0$ is even number. Let   $mathcal{B}$   be a Banach  $mathcal{A}-bimodule$. By using some new conditions, we show that $ Z^ell_{mathcal{A}^{(n)}}(mathcal{B}^{(n)})=mathcal{B}^{(n)}$ and $ Z^ell_{mathcal{B}...

Sub-Doppler broadband multi-heterodyne spectroscopy is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using two laser frequency combs of slightly different repetition frequencies, we have recorded Doppler-free two-photon dual-comb spectra of atomic rubidium resonances of a width of 6 MHz, while simultaneously interrogating a spectral span of 10 THz. The atomic transitions are uniquely identified via...

We have experimentally observed optical multistabilities (OMs) simultaneously on both the signal and generated Stokes fields in an optical ring cavity with a coherently prepared multilevel atomic medium. The two observed OMs, which are governed by different physical processes, are coupled via the multilevel atomic medium and exhibit similar threshold behaviors. By modulating the cavity input (s...

We provide a framework for understanding recent experiments on squeezing of a collective atomic pseudo-spin, induced by a homodyne measurement on off-resonant probe light interrogating the atoms. The detection of light decimates the atomic state distribution and we discuss the conditions under which the resulting reduced quantum fluctuations are metrologically relevant. In particular, we consid...

Four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric Spin(N) gauge theories with matter in the vector and spinor representations are considered. Dual descriptions are known for some of these theories. It is noted that when masses are given to all fields in the spinor representation, the dual gauge group G breaks to a group H such that π2(G/H) = Z2. The quantum numbers of the associated Z2 monopole and those of ...

If G is a plane graph and x, y ∈ V (G), then the dual distance of x and y is equal to the minimum number of crossings of G with a closed curve in the plane joining x and y. Riskin [7] proved that if G0 is a 3connected cubic planar graph, and x, y are its vertices at dual distance d, then the crossing number of the graph G0 + xy is equal to d. Riskin asked if his result holds for arbitrary 3-con...

A Banach space E has the Grothendieck property if every (linear bounded) operator from E into c0 is weakly compact. It is proved that, for an integer k > 1, every k-homogeneous polynomial from E into c0 is weakly compact if and only if the space P(kE) of scalar valued polynomials on E is reflexive. This is equivalent to the symmetric k-fold projective tensor product of E (i.e., the predual of P...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dual-energy CT features the opportunity to differentiate among up to 3 different materials because the absorption of x-rays depends on the applied tube voltage and the atomic number of the material. For example, it is possible to distinguish between blood-brain barrier disruption and an intracerebral hemorrhage following treatment for a stroke. The aim of this study was t...

The paper deals with calculation methods for failure and repair frequencies of multi-state monotone systems, both for the instantaneous and steady state cases. Being based on the binary representation of multi-state structure, new general formula for the failure/repair frequency is derived. This formula is used to obtain simple rules for the calculation of failure/repair frequency. In particula...

Let (W, S) be a finite Coxeter system and A := Z[0] be the group algebra of a finitely generated free abelian group 0. Let H be an Iwahori-Hecke algebra of (W, S) over A with parameters vs . Further let K be an extension field of the field of fractions of A and KH be the extension of scalars. In this situation Kazhdan and Lusztig have defined their famous basis and the so called left cell modul...