It is difficult to evaluate the sloshing load acting on a fixed roof of tank because it depends on the collision of the liquid to the roof. In this paper, the SPH simulation was introduced to evaluate the load acting on a fixed roof. The results obtained by the simulation showed good agreement with those obtained from other method. In addition, the effect of the roof-liquid clearance on the slo...

A modular hotel unit has been optimised for a range of climate types. The objectives were carbon emissions and construction cost, and the optimisation was performed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Variables covered solar and fabric properties as well as heating and cooling systems and renewables. Constraints governed roof area and comfort. Shading provision was determined separately ...

Roof problems, especially roof leaks, not only disrupt building operations, but can also contribute to the occurrence of severe internal Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problems (Oliver 1997; Rivin 2001; Haverinen, Vahteristo et al. 2003). One of the well-accepted causes of roof leaks is the lack of roof maintenance (Lounis, Vanier et al. 1998a). The out-of-sight, out-of-mind nature of a roof’s locati...

With the increased awareness of energy consumption as well as the environmental impact of building operations, architects, designers and planners are required to place more consideration on sustainability and energy performance of the building. To ensure most of those considerations are reflected in the building performance, critical design decisions should be made by key stakeholders early dur...

Xenopus eggs, artificially fertilized, were prevented from undergoing equilibrium rotation by incubation in medium containing ficoll. Three orientations were selected: normal, with animal pole uppermost; inverted, with vegetal pole away from gravity; and an off-axis orientation, with embryos tilted approximately 90 degrees from the animal-vegetal axis. At blastula stage 8, cells forming the bla...

near-fault ground motions have caused very much damage in the vicinity of seismic sources during recent earthquakes. it is well known that under specific circumstances, intensive ground shakings near fault ruptures may be characterized by short-duration impulsive motions. this pulse-type motion is generally particular to the forward direction, where the fault rupture propagates towards the site...

To educate the Purdue community and general public about the environmental benefits of green roofs, the Boiler Green Initiative (BGI) installed Tippecanoe County’s first green roof on Purdue’s campus in May 2009. The extensive green roof is approximately 165 m and consists of vegetation and pavers to make the space an aesthetically pleasing, usable environment. A monitoring system records surfa...

Animal welfare is a fundamental pillar for livestock farming, and it can be endangered by series of aspects, among which the presence undesired microclimates. This condition monitored measuring temperature-humidity index (THI), an able to inform about emergence heat-stressing conditions in barns. The THI influenced external environmental barn structure, orientation, thermal buoyancy, roof insul...

The components and claddings of low-rise building are usually destroyed first during typhoon disasters in coastal areas. Roof accessory structures can change the flow pattern on the roof, thus effectively reducing the wind load on the roof surface and the damage to the low rise buildings. Two types of aerodynamic mitigation plates, i.e., (1) 0.3 m high full length roof-edge plate, and (2) 0.3 m...