the field of cognitive psychology has increasingly provided scientific insights to explore how humans are subject to unconscious sources of evidentiary bias, leading to errors that can affect judgement and decision-making. increasingly these insights are being applied outside the realm of individual decision-making to the collective arena of policy-making as well. a recent editorial in this jou...

In this study. Weiner's (1980a. I980b) altributional model of helping behavior, which holds that the effect of causal attributions of another's need on helping is mediated by the affective reactions of sympathy and anger, was analyzed via latent-variable structural modeling techniques. Weiner's model was initially tested in the context of a hypothetical subway emergency situation, and several c...

This study examined both the mediation effects of achievement motivation and attributional style on the relationship between perfectionism and subjective well-being in a sample of Chinese university students. Four hundred ninety-three participants with an age range of 18–24 (206 males and 287 females) completed the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS), the Achievement Mo...

People typically explain others' behaviors by attributing them to the beliefs and motives of an unobservable mind. Although such attributional inferences are critical for understanding the social world, it is unclear whether they rely on processes distinct from those used to understand the nonsocial world. In the present study, we used functional MRI to identify brain regions associated with ma...

Guided by a transactional stress and coping model, this study examined the contribution of cognitive appraisal processes to diabetes adherence behavior among adolescents 12 to 18 years old (n = 40). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicated that esteem related to physical appearance accounted for a significant 16% of the variance in checking one's blood sugar. Perceived control when i...

Two experiments examined the construct of causal knowledge structure (CKS) in a social setting. The content, memorial properties, and judgmental consequences of subjects' CKSs regarding the defection of either Soviet citizens to the United States or American citizens to the Soviet Union were assessed through open-ended causal accounts (Experiment 1), intrusions in free recall, unsolicited attri...

Attributional calculus ( ) is a typed logic system that combines elements of propositional logic, predicate calculus, and multiple-valued logic for the purpose of natural induction. By natural induction is meant a form of inductive learning that generates hypotheses in human-oriented forms, that is, forms that appear natural to people, and are easy to understand and relate to human knowledge. T...

In order to avoid dangerous climate change greenhouse gas accounting methods are needed to inform decisions on mitigation action. This paper explores the differences between ‘attributional’ and ‘consequential’ greenhouse gas accounting methods, focusing on attributional corporate greenhouse gas inventories, consequential life cycle assessment, and project/policy greenhouse gas accounting. The c...

Disability is both a very personal and social issue. In 1999, The World Health Organization (WHO) published their latest revisions to the ICIDH-2. This document includes the latest conceptual developments in understanding the structure and process of disabling conditions. The document highlights that disability outcome occurs within a dynamic system characterized by the impairment itself, envir...