Retrospective security is an important element of layered security systems. Auditing is central to the theory and practice of retrospective security, however, in systems where auditing is used, programs are typically instrumented to generate audit logs using manual, adhoc strategies. This is a potential source of error even if log auditing techniques are formal, since the relation of the log it...

Auditing is an increasingly important operation for computer programming, for example in security (e.g. to enable history-based access control) and to enable reproducibility and accountability (e.g. provenance in scientific programming). Most proposed auditing techniques are ad hoc or treat auditing as a second-class, extralinguistic operation; logical or semantic foundations for auditing are n...

This paper studies the strategic effect of a difference in timing of verification in an agency model. A principal may choose between two equally efficient verification procedures: monitoring and auditing. Under auditing the principal receives additional information. Due to a double moral hazard problem, there exists a tension between incentives for effort and incentives for verification. Auditi...

HSE's publication 'Successful Health and Safety Management' (HSG65) describes key elements of successful health and safety management systems. A three level model is explained and one of the elements, auditing, is explored in detail by the regulator. The term auditing in the health and safety context is defined and the use of proprietary and in-house systems compared. The process of auditing is...

Computer security auditing constitutes an important part of any organization's security procedures. Because of the many inadequacies of currently used manual methods, thorough and timely auditing is often diicult to attain. Recent literature suggests that expert systems techniques can ooer signiicant beneets when applied to security procedures such as risk analysis , security auditing and intru...

Database Auditing is one of the major issues in information security. Lack of data auditing leads the business applications to the lost trail of business processes. To cope with auditing, historical data or temporal database is needed in order to track operations and actors of the operation with the time. Valid and transaction times are two major timestamps in temporal database. In this paper, ...

Objective: To discuss the experience of developing approaches to measuring the quality of nursing documentation in residential aged care homes. Methods: Three information sources were reviewed to explore approaches in auditing nursing documentation: the current literature, relevant Australian legislative and professional requirements, and organizational nursing documentation practice. Results: ...

Audit is all about improving patient care. Most clinicians are now familiar with the fundamentals of the audit loop, and the question "what do you understand by clinical audit?" can be relied on to appear in specialist registrar and consultant interviews. At its most simple the auditing process involves a critical appraisal of present performance, followed by a process of standard setting. Pres...

What sort of standards or benchmarks (if any) could help to improve the social performance of microfinance organisations (MFOs)? I argue in favour of establishing a single universal standard for social performance, but one that is very simple and flexible. In brief it would stipulate that all MFOs should develop a clear policy that addresses the following questions. (1) What are your social per...

prevalence of spinal cord injury (sci) in iran is considerable and developing a national registry is substantial. registry can be a foundation of efforts for patient care improvement, clinical research facilitation, preventative strategy formulation and policymaking for better support of patients. with respect to long-term and multiple consequents of the lesions that will have a negative impact...