on to a heavy wooden mill which is revolved by the bulls moving in a circle round the mill. The old man was bending over the crushing blocks to remove sugar-cane debris when his long hair got undone and was caught in the mill. The bulls continued to move round in a circle which resulted in his hair being wound into the mill. He was dragged round the mill and fruitlessly tugged to get free. His ...

A first principles model of a cement grinding circuit is developed for the purpose of multi-variable model predictive control (MPC). The model is based on a series of mixed flow reactors with an ideal screen to model flow between the two chambers in the ball mill. The separator is modelled by efficiency curves. Breakage of the particles is modelled as a first order process in terms of functions...

Processing feed onfarm using a portable grinder-mixer provides an affordable and flexible manufacturing system for producers with small to intermediate size operations (50 to 400 farrow to finish sows). The portable grinder-mixer differs from a stationary mill in several important areas during feed processing. These differences will be considered by examining five functions or cost centers in a...

Vitreousness and Stenvert kernel hardness characteristics in corn germplasm have been related to in situ and in vivo starch digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Because of the tedious nature of determining vitreousness by manual dissection or conducting Stenvert hardness measurements, it is challenging to screen corn germplasm for animal performance potential. The resistance of corn to grindi...

In this work, we introduce mechanistic considerations in nonlinear milling of particulate material. We show that the mobility of the powder can have a significant effect on the breakage frequency. During grinding, the change in particle size leads to changes in the mobility of the powder which in turn alters the breakage rate. The mechanistic modeling, being able to accommodate different respon...

Obtaining finely ground, homogeneous plant and soil samples for chemical analysis without cross contamination is a major concern when using direct combustion procedures for determination of total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), and isotope-ratio analysis. A rollermilling device, using square glass bottles instead of round grinding bottles, was evaluated. Rotation of the square bottles on the ro...

Neuromodulation is well known to provide plasticity in pattern generating circuits, but few details are available concerning modulation of motor pattern coordination. We are using the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system to examine how co-expressed rhythms are modulated to regulate frequency and maintain coordination. The system produces two related motor patterns, the gastric mill rhythm t...

…………………………………………………………………………….v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….vi LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………….. vii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………. viii I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….. 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………... 5 A. Mixing and Dispersions…………………………………………... 6 B. Grinding/Milling and Dispersants………………………………… 9 C. Pigments………………………………………………………….. 12 D. E...