Autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies targeting the neuronal surface antigen leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein is accompanied by faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) in up to half of patients. These hallmark episodes can be mistaken for psychiatric disorders, particularly as the ictal episodes are usually not detectable with surface EEG electrodes. Accompanying im...

Encephalitis is a devastating illness that commonly causes neurologic disability and has a case fatality rate >5% in the United States. An etiologic agent is identified in <50% of cases, making diagnosis challenging. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Encephalitis Project established syndromic surveillance for encephalitis in New York, California, a...

As one of the paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, autoimmune mediated, is disclosed by Josep Dalmau of department of neurology of university of Pennsylvania in 2007, though it had been reported since 1981. Young women (aged 14-44, median 27) are susceptible to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis usually combined with mature cystic teratoma (approximately 54%), in ad...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis was first described as a severe form of encephalitis by Dalmau et al in 2006. This is an autoimmune disorder usually associated with paraneoplastic mechanism that manifests as neuropsychiatric disorder affecting mainly women of child-bearing age. Nevertheless anti- NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare condition during pregnancy. To -date, t...

Anti–NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated disease with a wide range of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms including psychosis, cognitive deficits, movement disorders, and epileptic seizures. Up to 50% of patients have tumors, mainly ovarian teratomas. We describe a 15-year-old girl with a relapsing course of severe and prolonged NMDAR encephalitis in whom an infrathyreo...