The genetic architecture of variation in evolutionary fitness determines the trajectory of adaptive change. We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fitness in a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between moist- and dry- associated ecotypes of Avena barbata. We estimated fitness in 179 RILs in each of two natural environments in each of 4 yea...

The electrical fusion technique of Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981 Planta 151: 26-32) has been used to fuse mesophyll protoplasts of Avena, Zea, Vigna, Petunia, and Amaranthus. Electrical fusion proves to be a simple, effective, and general fusion technique that can be controlled to form either dikaryons or large multinucleate fusion bodies. In addition, we show that Vigna mesophyll protoplasts ...

Costs are hypothesized to constrain the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, but they have been difficult to quantify because strong selection should eliminate costly genotypes from natural populations. However, recent studies suggest that crosses between natural populations can recover these genotypes. We determined the adaptive value and costs of, as well as the genetic variation for,...

Domene (Lathromene) lusitanica n. sp. from Sicó karstic massif in Portugal is described and compared with other species of the subgenus, representing the first hypogean rove beetle from mainland Portugal. A comparison between Domene lusitanica n. sp. and the other species of the Iberian endemic subgenus Lathromene is made using diagnostic characters. An identification key for the males of Lathr...

Jorianne T. C. Alves,a Adonney A. O. Veras,a Ana Lídia Q. Cavalcante,a Pablo H. C. G. de Sá,a Larissa M. Dias,a Luis C. Guimarães,a Eziquiel Morais,b André G. M. Silva,b Vasco Azevedo,c Rommel T. J. Ramos,a Artur Silva,a Adriana R. Carneiroa Federal University of Pará, Center of Genomics and System Biology, Laboratory of Genomic and Bioinformatics, Belém, Pará, Brazila; Federal University of Pa...

The differential sensitivities to permanganate oxidation of the red and far-red forms of native phytochrome from Avena sativa L. cv Mulaga (isolated as Pfr from red-irradiated tissue) and of partially degraded phytochrome (isolated as Pr from nonirradiated tissue) were determined. The far-red absorbing form of partially degraded phytochrome was 5 times more sensitive than its red-absorbing form...

Una mayor diversidad de forrajes en otoño-invierno incrementa la entrada carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N) al suelo los residuos cosecha. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el aporte potencial C N alternativos tradicionales durante ciclo otoño-invierno. En experimento se evaluó rendimiento materia seca (MS), cantidad relación C/N 11 especies forrajeras. Los cultivos avena, cebada, triticale, trigo, ...

Intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf peroxisomes were supplied with glycolate and one to three of the amino acids serine, glutamate, and alanine, and the amount of the respective alpha-keto acids formed in glyoxylate transamination was assayed. At 1 millimolar glycolate and 1 millimolar each of the three amino acids in combination, the transamination reaction reached saturation; reduction...

This paper reports an effect of indole-3-acetic acid on cell membrane potentials. Solutions with increasing IAA concentrations (from 109 to 10-7 M) make membrane potentials of coleop-tile cells more negative. This effect of IAA, which occurs at concentrations that also stimulate tissue elongation, was found inadvertently in the course of an experiment on the effect of IAA on cell wall potential...

Shoots, roots, and seeds of corn (Zea mays L., cv. Michigan 500), oats (Avena sativa L., cv. Au Sable), and peas (Pisum sativum L., cv. Wando) were analyzed for their superoxide dismutase content using a photochemical assay system consisting of methionine, riboflavin, and p-nitro blue tetrazolium. The enzyme is present in the shoots, roots, and seeds of the three species. On a dry weight basis,...