Objective: We show that a standardized Gini coefficient that takes into account the feasible range of health inequality for a given health attribute is a better instrument than the normal Gini coefficient for quantifying inter-individual health inequality. Methods: The standardized Gini coefficient is equal to the normal Gini coefficient divided by the maximal attainable Gini coefficient, which...

To predict emergence of drug resistance in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, we study accumulation of preexisting beneficial alleles in a haploid population of N genomes. The factors included in the model are selection with the coefficient s and recombination with the small rate per genome r (r << s sqrt of k, where k is the average number of less-fit loci per genome). Mutation events...

Motivated by recent experiments reporting non-Gaussian velocity distributions in driven dilute granular materials, we study by numerical simulation the properties of 2D inelastic gases. We find theoretically that the form of the observed velocity distribution is governed primarily by the coefficient of restitution eta and q=N(H)/N(C), the ratio between the average number of heatings and the ave...

I. INTRODUCTION Researchers often need to generate synthetic graphs with key properties resembling those of networks of interest. This is for example the case when the full topology is unavailable or impractical to measure or use. In our work, we are interested in generating graphs that resemble online social networks in terms of their joint degree distribution (JDM) and their degree-dependent ...

Based on the daily data of American and Chinese stock markets, the dynamic behavior of a financial network with static and dynamic thresholds is investigated. Compared with the static threshold, the dynamic threshold suppresses the large fluctuation induced by the cross-correlation of individual stock prices, and leads to a stable topological structure in the dynamic evolution. Long-range timec...

We extend the standard scale-free network model to include a "triad formation step." We analyze the geometric properties of networks generated by this algorithm both analytically and by numerical calculations, and find that our model possesses the same characteristics as the standard scale-free networks such as the power-law degree distribution and the small average geodesic length, but with th...

Background: One of the important aspects of equity in health is equality in the distribution of resources in this sector. The present study aimed to assess the distribution of hospital beds in Shiraz in 2014. &nbsp; Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the population density index and fair distribution of beds were analyzed by Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, respectively....

In this paper we present and simulate a new self–organising algorithm for P2P unstructured networks inspired by human relationships. This algorithm, called PROSA , tries to simulate the evolution of human relationships from simple acquaintance to friendship and partnership. Our target is to obtain a self–reconfiguring P2P system which possesses some of the desirable features of social communiti...