Branchburg, NJ・, USA), the sputum was positive f♭r 〟. avium. It was, however, negative for M. tuberculosis and M. intracellulare. The bronchial asplrateS Were AFBand M. avium complex (MAC) culture positive. Four drug chemotherapy consistlng Of clarithromycln, rifampln, Streptomycin, and ethambutol was started immediately. The MAC isolate was resistant torifampin (MIC: >50 LLg/ml), streptomycin ...

Mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic pathogen associated with pulmonary disease in non-AIDS patients and disseminated infection in patients with AIDS. The chief route of infection is by colonization and invasion of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, but infection through the respiratory route also occurs. After crossing the mucosa, M. avium infects and replicates within tissue macroph...

Mycobacterium avium infection was substantially more severe in C57BL/6 (Bcgs) than in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 hybrid (Bcgr) mice both in terms of bacterial growth in the spleens and lungs and in host survival. Prior Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination resulted in increased resistance as well as enhanced tuberculin hypersensitivity to both PPD-S (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and PPD-A (M. avium). Mic...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pigeons are extensively kept for homing and racing purposes in Iran. The main objective of this study was to investigate dissemination of M. avium subsp. avium (MAA) in pigeon aviaries in Tabriz, North-western Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem pathologic specimens from thirty-nine out of 140 birds collected from private flocks (n=3), were subjected to bacterial ...

Sera from cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 56) and naturally (n = 4) and experimentally (n = 8) infected with Mycobacterium bovis were tested for the presence of antibodies against paratuberculosis antigens. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established based on absorption of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens on a hyperimmune...

BACKGROUND Thyrotoxicosis is conceptualized as an "autoimmune" disease with no accepted infectious etiology. There are increasingly compelling data that another "autoimmune" affliction, Crohn disease, may be caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Like M. tb, MAP is systemic. We hypothesized that some cases of thyrotoxicosis may be initiated by a MAP infection. Because ...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the only approved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and is administered in over 150 countries worldwide. Despite its widespread use, the vaccine has a variable protective efficacy of 0-80%, with the lowest efficacy rates in tropical regions where TB is most prevalent. This variability is partially due to ubiquitous environmental mycobacteria (EM) found...

Avian mycobacteriosis is usually caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) serovars 1 to 3 (M. avium subsp. avium) and M. genavense (8, 9). In most cases, incidences are sporadic and they rarely refer to intensive farms since modern breeding practices have decreased exposure of birds to the parameters that were traditionally linked to the spread of mycobacterial infections, such as contact wi...

The potential of reed beds to act as biofilters of pathogenic and environmental mycobacteria was investigated through examination of the fate of mycobacteria in a constructed reed bed filtering effluent from a large captive wildfowl collection. Particular emphasis was placed on the presence and location of Mycobacterium avium--the causal agent of avian tuberculosis (ATB)--in an effort to clarif...