BACKGROUND Electrical activity of the diaphragm (E(di)) has been proposed as a parameter to evaluate respiratory function. Normative values of electrical activity of the diaphragm in full-term neonates are not known. This is a small case series to establish preliminary values of E(di) in term neonates and to determine how these values vary while awake and asleep and during feeding states. ME...

Non-invasive measurements were made of ventilation, its derivatives, the contributions of abdomen and rib cage and arterial oxygen saturation in six healthy normal men whilst awake and during sleep. Minute ventilation fell significantly during slow wave (SW) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (awake = 6.3 1 min-1, SW sleep = 5.7 1 min-1, REM sleep = 5.4 1 min-1; p less than 0.04). Mean in...

For many songbirds, the vocal repertoire constitutes acoustically distinct songs that are flexibly used in various behavioral contexts. To investigate how these different vocalizations are represented in the song neural system, we presented multiple song stimuli while performing extracellular recording in nucleus HVC in adult male song sparrows Melospiza melodia, a species known for its complex...

UNLABELLED The awake craniotomy technique was originally introduced for the surgical treatment of epilepsy and has subsequently been used in patients undergoing surgical management of supratentorial tumors, arteriovenous malformation, deep brain stimulation, and mycotic aneurysms near critical brain regions. This surgical approach aims to maximize lesion resection while sparing important areas ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS There are numerous techniques for awake laryngeal injection, each with its limitations and technical challenges. We demonstrate a modification to the thyrohyoid approach for injection that stabilizes needle introduction and allows for consistent placement in a wide variety of larynges. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review at a tertiary care institution. METHODS A retrospe...

OBJECTIVES Intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES) is increasingly used in patients operated on for tumours in critical language areas. Although a positive impact of DES on postoperative linguistic outcome is generally advocated, the literature is only scantily documented with information about the linguistic methods applied in awake surgery. This article critically reviews the neuro...

The cardiovascular responses, ventilation and pulmonary gas exchanges of 8 treated and 6 untreated hypertensive patients were studied during artificial ventilation under nitrous oxide/oxygen/relaxant anaesthesia, with and without halothane (1%). Mean arterial pressure (m.a.p.) fell to 69% and 62% of the awake values in the treated and untreated patients respectively during hypocapnia (mean PaCO...

In this work, some case studies were conducted to classify several kinds of hand motions from electrocorticography (ECoG) signals during intraoperative awake craniotomy & extraoperative seizure monitoring processes. Four subjects (P1, P2 with intractable epilepsy during seizure monitoring and P3, P4 with brain tumor during awake craniotomy) participated in the experiments. Subjects performed th...

Corresponding author: Jin-Kyoung Kim, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50, Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea. Tel: 82-2-3410-2477, Fax: 82-2-3410-6626, E-mail: [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial L...

The first surgical choledochoscope was introduced in 1965. Murphy subsequently used this instrument to perform the first ever fibre-optic intubation in 1967. The fibre-optic bronchoscope has now become an essential anaesthetic instrument. Awake intubation of the airway can be achieved safely with a variety of techniques using topical analgesia, regional nerve blockade, with or without sedation....