A rapid and efficient protocol was developed for inducing indirect organogenesis using leaf explants of Vitex negundo L. Explants were cultured on MS with different concentrations of 2,4-D and IAA in combination with BAP for callus induction. The frequency of callus induction increased with increasing concentration of IAA (0.3 mg/l) and BAP (0.3 mg/l) at optimal level. The shoot buds appeared e...

An efficient protocol was achieved for rapid propagation of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. through axillary bud proliferation and ex vitro rooting. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA; 8.87 microM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 2.46 microM) was optimal for axillary bud proliferation, which developed a mean of 8.3 shoots/node. Excision and culture of node segm...

The hormonal control of stem unit (foliar appendage and axillary structure, if present, plus subtending internode) number and length was investigated in shoots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Seedlings were treated with six gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA4, GA5, GA9 and GA20) and two auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA...

Development of skin appendages requires interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme. Without the epithelium, dermal condensations cannot develop, and those already formed will disintegrate. Here we explored the molecular basis of this epithelial requirement and tried to identify the molecule(s) responsible by using the chick feather bud development as a model. TGF beta2 is a likely candi...

The degree of shoot branching is strongly affected by environmental conditions, such as nutrient availability. Here we demonstrate that nitrate limitation reduces shoot branching in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) both by delaying axillary bud activation and by attenuating the basipetal sequence of bud activation that is triggered following floral transition. Ammonium supply has similar effe...

The success of the short-rotation coppice system in biomass willow (Salix spp.) relies on the activity of the shoot-producing meristems found on the coppice stool. However, the regulation of the activity of these meristems is poorly understood. In contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms behind axillary meristem regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has grown rapidly in the past few...

In vitro propagation of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. has been achieved by axillary shoot proliferation and somatic embryogenesis. The influence of tree age, explant source, genotype, and phytohormones on micropropagation of juvenile and mature trees of Tilia platyphyllos has been investigated. Nodal segments and shoot tips were used as initial explants for axillary shoot proliferation. Low concentr...