Proteins are used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. However, the variability of protein expression within the same tumor is not well studied. The aim of this study was to assess intratumoral heterogeneity in protein expression levels by reverse-phase-protein-arrays (RPPA) (i) within primary breast cancers and (ii) between axillary lymph node metastases from the same pati...

We describe the functional morphology of the singing apparatus of the cricket. There are three main functional sections of song mechanics, which partly overlap: (1) preparation for singing (lifting of the wings) and the reverse process (lowering of the wings at the end of the song); (2) singing movements (closing and opening of the wings); and (3) movements that adjust the pressure of the plect...

background : sentinel lymph node biopsy is a technique used to identify the axillary node most likely to contain tumor cells that have metastasized from a primary carcinoma of the breast. this technique provides accurate staging with fewer complications than axillary dissection and may result in decreased costs. we designed the present study to determine the accuracy and success rate of a combi...

background: breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in the female population, rarely is reported by thromboembolic events during the course of the disease. in this case, we present a rare case of breast cancer presenting as deep vein thrombosis of the axillary vein.case presentation: a 40-year- old female was admitted due to pain and swelling of her right arm and forearm of two mont...

Axillary shoot formation is a key determinant of plant architecture. Formation of the axillary shoot is regulated by initiation of the axillary meristem or outgrowth of the axillary bud. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) TILLERS ABSENT1 (TAB1; also known as Os WUS), an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana WUS, is required to initiate axillary meristem development. We found that formation of th...

IMPORTANCE Recent data from clinical trials have challenged traditional thinking about axillary surgery in patients with breast cancer. OBJECTIVES To summarize evidence regarding the role of axillary interventions (surgical and nonsurgical) in breast cancer treatment and to review the association of these axillary interventions with recurrence of axillary node metastases, mortality, and morbi...

Axillary artery pulsations serve as a landmark for clinical procedures like brachial plexus block and subclavian vein puncture. Axillary artery is also increasingly being utilized as a graft for coronary artery bypass. The present article reports a rare case of axillary artery variation. In this case, gross deviation from the normal anatomy was observed in an adult embalmed cadaver. Axillary ve...

AIMS Contrast-guided axillary vein puncture is commonly used for pacemaker or defibrillator lead implantation. Venous spasm during contrast-guided axillary vein puncture has been reported rarely. We investigated the incidence of venous spasm during contrast-guided axillary vein puncture and the impact of venous spasm on axillary vein puncture. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-four consecutive pati...

Objective. The use of the axillary artery as an access site has lost favor in percutaneous intervention due to the success of these procedures from a radial or brachial alternative. However, these distal access points are unable to safely accommodate anything larger than a 7-French sheath. To date no studies exist describing the size of the axillary artery in relation to the common femoral arte...