Color constancy is the perceived stability of the color of objects under different illuminants. Four-layer neural network for color constancy has been developed. It has separate input channels for the test chip and for the background. Input of network was RGB receptors. Second layer consisted of color opponent cells and output have three neurons signaling x, y, Y coordinates (1931 CIE). Network...

variable data printing, custom publishing, color printing, visual performance The words in a document are often supported, illustrated, and enriched by visuals. When color is used, some of it is used to define the document’s identity and is therefore strictly controlled in the design process. The result of this design process is a “color specification sheet,” which must be created for every bac...

For the surface reflectance of an object to be a useful cue to object identity, judgments of its color should remain stable across changes in the object's environment. In 2D scenes, there is general consensus that color judgments are much more stable across illumination changes than background changes. Here we investigate whether these findings generalize to real 3D objects. Observers made colo...

Coevolutionary arms races are a potent force in evolution, and brood parasite-host dynamics provide classical examples. Different host-races of the common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, lay eggs in the nests of other species, leaving all parental care to hosts. Cuckoo eggs often (but not always) appear to match remarkably the color and pattern of host eggs, thus reducing detection by hosts. However, ...

Background Compared to intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX), triple intrathecal therapy (TIT) has shown promising results in decr...

acquired color deficiency in the tritan axis in parkinson’s disease has already been reported, manifesting itself as impaired performance in various visual tasks. however, its clinical significance has always been controversial. in this study we evaluated the performance of parkinson s disease patients in lanthony 15-desaturated clinical test and for the first time, compared it with the standar...

We examined how the salience of color is affected by adaptation to different color distributions. Observers searched for a color target on a dense background of distractors varying along different directions in color space. Prior adaptation to the backgrounds enhanced search on the same background while adaptation to orthogonal background directions slowed detection. Advantages of adaptation we...

Effect of background colors on the tuning of color-selective cells in monkey area V4. When objects are viewed in different illuminants, their color does not change or changes little in spite of significant changes in the wavelength composition of the light reflected from them. In previous studies, we have addressed the physiology underlying this color constancy by recording from cells in areas ...

Adaptation to a steady background has a profound effect on both color appearance and discrimination. We determined the temporal characteristics of chromatic adaptation for appearance and discrimination along different color directions. Subjects were adapted to a large uniform background made up of a CRT screen and a 45x64 degrees wall, illuminated by computer controlled lamps. After an instant ...