UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to assess normal hearing listeners' performance in detecting a stationary backup alarm signal and to quantify the linear distance at detection point. METHOD Detection distances for 12 participants with normal hearing were measured while they were fitted with 7 hearing protectors and while they were unoccluded (open ear). A standard (narrowband) backup ...

Abstract Fault-tolerant scheduling is an important issue for optimal heterogeneous distributed systems because of a wide range of resource failures. Primary-backup approach is a common methodology used for fault tolerance wherein each task has a primary copy and a backup copy on two different processors. For independent tasks, the backup copy can overload with other backup copies on the same pr...

Data Management Systems in enterprises constitute a significant portion of the total cost of management of data in enterprise systems. Maintaining data with a high degree of availability and reliability is typically done by having a centralized backup system that to maintain backup copies of data present on the workstations of enterprises. Maintaining a large dedicated backup server for data ma...

Peer-to-peer (P2P) backup systems are an attractive alternative to server-based systems because the immense costs of large data centers can be saved by using idle resources on millions of private computers instead. This paper presents the design and theoretical analysis of a market for a P2P backup system. While our long-term goal is an open resource exchange market using real money, here we co...

A swarm of robots is composed of several small and simple robots that can communicate to perform complex tasks. Those robots are subject to failures: battery outage, hardware destruction, or hardware failure. When a robot fails, its whole state is lost. The task realized by this robot needs to be restarted then the swarm might need some data from the failed robot. Even when this data is not nee...

We address the problem of routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) considering differentiated reliability (DiR) in WDM mesh networks. The backup resource can be shared by the primary lightpaths. However, both the primary-backup sharing and the different levels of fault tolerance requirement have never been considered together in the literature. In the paper, we consider the dynamic character of ...

In an effort to combine research in peer-to-peer systems with techniques for incremental backup systems, we propose pStore: a secure distributed backup system based on an adaptive peer-to-peer network. pStore exploits unused personal hard drive space attached to the Internet to provide the distributed redundancy needed for reliable and effective data backup. Experiments on a 30 node network sho...

This paper presents a simple data dump and load utility for Firebird databases which mimics mysqldump in MySQL. This utility, fb_dump and fb_load, for dumping and loading respectively, retrieves each database table using kinterbasdb and serializes the data using marshal module. This utility has two advantages over the standard Firebird database backup utility, gbak. Firstly, it is able to backu...

For networks employing shortest-path routing, we introduce a new recovery scheme which needs only one backup routing table. By precomputing this backup table, the network recovers from any single link-failure immediately after the failure occurs. It is shown that this scheme always works if the network is given as a two-edge-connected symmetric digraph and that an optimal backup table can be co...

A scheme is proposed to provide multiple QoS guarantees for survivable generalised multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks. The shared risk link group (SRLG) information is considered to provide failure-independent protection. Based on the problem formulation, the service level agreement (SLA) parameters, such as the expected recovery failure probability, the expected recovery time and t...