We extend a planning algorithm to cover simple forms of arithmetics. The operator preconditions can refer to the values of numeric variables and the operator postconditions can modify the values of numeric variables. The basis planning algorithm is based on techniques from propositional satisfiability testing and does not restrict to forward or backward chaining. When several operations affect ...

Many abductive understanding systems generate explanations by a backwards chaining process that is neutral both to the explainer's previous experience in similar situations and to why the explainer is attempting to explain. This article examines the relationship of such models to an approach that uses case-based reasoning to generate explanations. In this case-based model, the generation of abd...

A knowledge based system to identify 10 main metabolic alterations in university students based on clinical and anthropometric parameters is presented. Knowledge engineering was carried out through unstructured expert interviews methodology, resulting in a knowledge base of 17 IF-THEN rules. A backward chaining machine engine was built in Prolog language; the attribute-values database about par...

When teaching, people often intentionally intervene on a learner while it is acting. For instance, a dog owner might move the dog so it eats out of the right bowl, or a coach might intervene while a tennis player is practicing to teach a skill. How do people teach by intervention? And how do these strategies interact with learning mechanisms? Here, we examine one global and two local strategies...

In [14], we have presented a fuzzy forward reasoning methodology for rule-based systems using the functional representation of rules (fuzzy implications). In this paper, we extend methodology for selecting relevant fuzzy implications from [14] in backward reasoning. The proposed methodology takes full advantage of the functional representation of fuzzy implications and the algebraic properties ...

Tournament selection performs tournaments by first sampling individuals uniformly at random from the population and then selecting the best of the sample for some genetic operation. This sampling process needs to be repeated many times when creating a new generation. However, even upon iteration, it may happen not to sample some of the individuals in the population. These individuals can theref...

I describe a planning methodology for domains with uncertainty in the form of external events that are not completely predictable. The events are represented by enabling conditions and prob­ abilities of occurrence. The planner is goal­ directed and backward chaining, but the subgoals are suggested by analysing the probability of suc­ cess of the partial plan rather than being simply the open c...

In the study, we present a higher effective algorithm, called revised gene expression programming (RGEP), to construct the model for music emotion recognition. Our main contributions are as follows: firstly, we describe the basic mechanisms of music emotion recognition and introduce gene expression programming (GEP) to deal with the model construction for music emotion recognition. Secondly, we...

Multiple processors can be used to speed up a backward-chaining deduction by distributing or-parallel deductions. However, the actual speedup obtained is strongly dependent on the amount of communication required for the task allocation strategy. A Variable Supply Model (VSM) is presented for multiple processors with replicated databases on a broadcast network. The term model refers to the set ...

Natural deduction, which is a method for establishing validity of propositional type arguments, helps develop important reasoning skills and is thus a key ingredient in a course on introductory logic. We present two core components, namely solution generation and practice problem generation, for enabling computer-aided education for this important subject domain. The key enabling technology is ...