Nowadays, academic journals of high standing rarely accept a conceptual idea in paper not instantly accompanied by econometric estimates. The would almost certainly get rejected. Empirical validation based on past statistical data has produced an unfortunate backward orientation economics. While one can learn from the past, this approach fails when underlying conditions strongly change. suggest...

This is a short poem reflecting on the physician's commitment to abstain from killing.

The role of phonological infonnation in English word identification and the activation pattern of phonological and associative dimensions were investigated with a backward-masking paradigm. Mask type (graphemic, homophonic, associative, unrelated word control, and nonletter #-baseline) and target exposure duration were manipulated. Graphemic and homophonic but not associative masks influenced t...

the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

W. J. Eckert [1] has adapted Cowell's method of numerical integration to the determination of orbits on punched card machines. Eckert, Brouwer, and Clémence [2] have used Cowell's method on a large-scale computer. We shall assume that Cowell's method as modified by Eckert is the method of numerical integration best suited for the determination of orbits on large-scale computers. What we are con...

This second of three papers, in which we functionally characterize activation gating in Shaker potassium channels, focuses on the properties of a mutant channel (called V2), in which the leucine at position 382 (in the Shaker B sequence) is mutated to valine. The general properties of V2's ionic and gating currents are consistent with changes in late gating transitions, in particular, with V2 d...