One hundred and seventeen specimens of cerebrospinal fluid from 94 patients were examined for the presence of pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and coagglutination tests. The coagglutination method using Phadebact reagents was as sensitive as counterimmunoelectrophoresis, but culture was a more sensitive diagnostic procedure than either t...

We sought procedures which would allow a rapid concentration in high yield of bacterial antigens from tissue fluids of patients and which could be applied also to protein-rich fluids like serum. Ethanol precipitation at a subzero temperature with albumin added as an antigen coprecipitant made it possible to achieve a more than 20-fold concentration of antigen in 15 min and a 200-fold concentrat...

In this investigation found a bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, two different of antigens such as whole cell antigen and nucleotide antigens were prepared and injected into the experimental fish(Catla catla) groups and control for the study of cell mediated immune response and cell mediated immune response. Cell mediated response analysed by T cell counts as whole bacterial ant...

The Lewis blood group and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related antigens have adhesive functions in human tissues, with roles in embryonic sorting and migration of cells (organogenesis), differentiation and protection of normal mucosal tissues, migration of neutrophils, bacterial binding, and tumour differentiation and dissemination. In the key areas of mucosal protection, neutrophil binding, ...

Introduction The survival of a pathogen requires the evasion of host immunity, either through switching hosts, utilizing a life history strategy allowing the pathogen to be free-living some of the time, finding sites within a host that are “privileged” or hidden from host immunity, or switching the composition of an antigen. Pathogens interact with hosts through antigens, typically proteins exp...

The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue may deviate from its systemic counterpart in being able to discriminate between microbial and nonmicrobial antigens. To study this, the systemic and mucosal antibody responses to bacterial and food antigens were followed in parallel in female rats during two pregnancies and lactation periods. Germfree rats were monocolonized with an Escherichia coli O6K13H1...

Human and chicken erythrocytes are readily coated in vitro by blood group active protein-lipopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O(86) and E. coli O(128). Serum albumin, alpha(2)- and beta-lipoproteins inhibit this sensitization. Blood group B specific agglutination of erythrocytes with B or B-like antigens was obtained with antibodies purified by adsorption on and elution from...

BACKGROUND Patients with papulopustular rosacea have a higher density of Demodex folliculorum mites on their faces than normal subjects but the role, if any, of their mites in initiating inflammation is disputed. Selective antibiotics are effective in reducing the inflammatory changes of papulopustular rosacea, but their mode of action is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a D. follic...

Immunogenicity arises via many synergistic mechanisms, yet the overall dissimilarity of pathogenic proteins versus the host proteome has been proposed as a key arbiter. We have previously explored this concept in relation to Bacterial antigens; here we extend our analysis to antigens of viral and fungal origin. Sets of known viral and fungal antigenic and non-antigenic protein sequences were co...

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specialized subset of DCs that links innate and adaptive immunity. They sense viral and bacterial pathogens and release high levels of Type I interferons (IFN-I) in response to infection. pDCs were shown to contribute to inflammatory responses in the steady state and in pathology. In atherosclerosis, pDCs are involved in priming vascular inflammation an...