The pitch canker fhgus, Fusarium circinatum (= F. SubgIutinans f sp. pini), causes several serious diseases of pines. The pathogen infects a variety of vegetative and reproductive pine structures at diierent stages of maturity and produces a diversity of symptoms. In addition to producing resinous cankers on the woody vegetative structures of its pine host, the causal fungus causes the mortalit...

Some conditions that can mimic canker sores include traumatic injury, autoimmune conditions, viral infections (such as herpes simplex and herpes zoster [shingles]), and most importantly, oral cancer. In addition, oral ulcers can be associated with a number of systemic conditions in which the oral ulcers represent only a small part of the underlying problem. A general rule of thumb recommended b...

Some conditions that can mimic canker sores include traumatic injury, autoimmune conditions, viral infections (such as herpes simplex and herpes zoster [shingles]), and most importantly, oral cancer. In addition, oral ulcers can be associated with a number of systemic conditions in which the oral ulcers represent only a small part of the underlying problem. A general rule of thumb recommended b...

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Bacterial canker of papaya (Carica papaya) emerged during the 1980s in different islands of the Caribbean. Nineteen strains of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from papaya were compared to 38 reference and type strains of phytopathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and related bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the papaya strains belonged...

in recent years, shallow bark canker of walnut (juglandis regia l.) trees has become fairly widespread in iran. to determine the distribution of the disease in golestan, mazandaran and gilan provinces, from early summer to mid-fall seasons of 2004, more than one hundred bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of shallow bark canker. sixty strains of bacteria were isolated...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of short (21-23 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecule, mediate repressive gene regulation through RNA silencing at the post-transcriptional level, and play an important role in defense and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, Affymetrix® miRNA Array, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for miRNAs and their targets, and miRNA promoter analysis w...

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is an emerging phytopathogen causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit plants worldwide. Quorum sensing (QS) gene regulation plays important roles in many different bacterial plant pathogens. In this study we analyzed the presence and possible role of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing in Psa. It was established that Psa does not produce...