The hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, has been shown to synthesize bactericidal antibodies after injections of gram-negative organisms. These bactericidins could be detected as early as 2 days after the primary injection. Secondary responses were accelerated, although titers were not significantly higher than those reached in the primary response. The bactericidins of hagfish were found to react wit...

The sensitivity of bacteria to the bactericidal activity of serum depends on the structure and organization of the bacterial outer membrane. Sialic acid has been found in the O-specific region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and it plays an essential role in protecting Gram-negative bacteria against the bactericidal activity of human and animal serum. The susceptibility of Gram-negative b...

Human monocytes and neutrophils play major roles in clearing bacteria from human blood and tissues. We found that the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) was highly expressed in monocytes and neutrophils, and its interaction with "homologous to lymphotoxins, shows inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for HVEM/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related 2" (LIGHT) e...

INTRODUCTION It has been demonstrated that organic content of the root canals can influence the antimicrobial capability of chemical irrigants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as an organic material, on the antimicrobial activity of several intracanal irrigants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bactericidal activity of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA...

A feeding trial was conducted for sixty continuous days to determine the effect of dietary Aloe vera and Echinacea  on immunological parameters of Shirbot (Barbus grypus) Four hundred and twenty fish weighing 50-60 g were randomly subjected to to seven different treatment, including one control  (Aloe vera and Echinacea free diet), A1 (0.1% of Aloe vera, A2 (0.2% of Aloe vera &nb...

Bactericidal studies of antibiotics on treponemes have been limited to a small group of organisms and to a limited number of antimicrobial agents. Eagle and Musselman (1944) determined the sensitivity in vitro of the non-virulent Reiter treponeme to penicillin G. Penicillin concentrations of between 01 and 0-25 units/ml. medium killed 90 to 99 per cent. of the spirochaetes in 8 to 12 hrs. Penic...

Metronidazole was found to be active against Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from human lesions. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were from 0.16 to 2.5 mug/ml and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were from 0.16 to 2.5 mug/ml; usually the MIC and MBC figures were equivalent. These levels are easily attainable in the serum following normal therapeutic doses. The drug...

Susceptibility testing by the broth dilution method showed that all the gram-positive but only some of the gram-negative bacteria tested were susceptible to the antitumor antibiotic, macromomycin (MCR; NSC 170105). The minimal inhibitory concentration for the susceptible organisms was less than 3 mug/ml. The action of MCR was bactericidal; however, at very high concentrations (50 mug/ml and abo...