Under the table or informal payments in several middle and low income countries is a serious impediment to health care reform. These payments are effectively a form of systemic corruption. This report shows the efforts of a patient who seek health care for his ankle while being requested to pay under the table in hospital and private clinic. The data were collected by interview and surveying pa...

  P redicting the amount of country imports toward assessing trade balance and its effect on the balance of payments (BOP) and finally money supply, general level of prices and the rate of economic growth is of paramount importance. Therefore, economic policymakers seriously need a model which cannot only predict the volume of imports well but also be capable of re...

ABSTRACT We studied the balance of payments data for a set Latin American countries between 1990 and 2019. intended to quantify main items foreign exchange income expenditure. were particularly interested in studying magnitude role financial flows, either as source external resources or an item The analysis was carried out two dimensions: cross section (for sample 11 nations) entire period over...

this study will provide detailed specification of those variables and determinants of unpredictable health expenditure in iran, and the requirements to reduce extensive effects of the factors affecting households' payments for health and other goods and services inappropriately.this study aims to identify measures of fair financing of health services and determinants of fair financing contribut...

Various alternatives are available when designing a data collection system for portfolio investment (PI) statistics, in the context of balance of payments (BOP) and international investment position (IIP). Such systems differ according to the reporting agents they target, periodicity and level of aggregation, while the corresponding results vary in terms of implementation and running costs, ava...