We examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and the functional composition of public expenditures. Using a distance-sensitive representative agent model, we hypothesize that higher levels of fiscal decentralization induce agents to demand increased production of publicly provided private goods. We test this hypothesis using an unbalanced panel data set of 59 developed and develo...

In outsourcing, management seeks to achieve costs savings, operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and/or company growth. We integrate the ANP with the perspectives in Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for IT outsourcing decision making. The proposed BSC-ANP model helps evaluate the impact of decision on firm performance and confirms the existence of indicator interactions.

We consider simple labeled graphs, with non-zero labels in a ring. If the adjacency matrix of a labeled graph is invertible, the inverse matrix is a (labeled) adjacency matrix of another graph, called the inverse of the original graph. If the labeling takes place in an ordered ring, then balanced inverses—those with positive products of labels along every cycle—are of interest. We introduce the...

This research investigates aggregate change in gender attitudes from the mid-1990s to the mid2000s for an unbalanced panel of 75 countries representing over 70 percent of the world’s people. The use of modern techniques of factor analysis suggests that gender belief systems exhibit a high degree of uniformity across countries and have been converging around a decidedly postmodern ideological st...

It is known that under certain conditions the incidence matrix of a balanced incomplete block design (v, b, r, k, λ) gives a binary code of length b and size 2(v + 1). Here we investigate the conditions where a balanced ternary design gives a similar ternary code.

The quantity g (k) (v) was introduced in [6] as the minimum number of blocks necessary in a pairwise balanced design on v elements, subject to the condition that the longest block has length k. Recently, we have needed to use all possibilities for such minimal covering designs, and we record all non-isomorphic solutions to the problem for v ≤ 13.

Class distributions of data streams in real application are usually unbalanced, they are hence called Skewed Data Streams (abbreviated as SDS). However, in the classification of SDS, it is a challenge for traditional methods because of the difficulty in the recognition of minority classes. Therefore, many approaches have been proposed to improve the recognition rate of minority classes, while t...

In this paper, first, two types of social capital are analysed. The two types are particularly different with respect to their view on social relationships: a balanced type of relationship versus an unbalanced type. The effects of both types on organizational learning are discussed. This will lead to a view of social capital that is known in the literature as ‘the dark side of social capital’ a...

background and objectives: balanced scorecard is an increasingly popular tool for performance evaluation. healthcare organizations have broadly adopted this method for implementing their strategic plans. there is, however, increasing concerns on barriers to balanced scorecard implementation. built on the fundamental impacts of organizational culture on hospital performance, this study explored ...