Electrochemistry of cyclodextrins (CDs) and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with different pharmaceutical compounds is reviewed. The article highlights some electrochemical investigations of the CD-drugs interactions in solution. Cyclodextrin modified electrodes and their applications as electrochemical sensors in pharmaceutical analysis based on the self-assembly of CD derivatives on metal el...

Background: Marketing has for many years been working to reduce environmental concerns by relying on ethics and presenting new marketing ideas such as green marketing. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a model of the green marketing process in the pharmaceutical industry. Method: This applied research was conducted with a mixed (quantitative - qualitative) approach. In the qualitat...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical expenditure is undergoing very high growth, and accounts for 30% of overall healthcare expenditure in Spain. In this paper we present a prediction model for primary health care pharmaceutical expenditure based on Clinical Risk Groups (CRG), a system that classifies individuals into mutually exclusive categories and assigns each person to a severity level if s/he has a ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the establishment of the Pharmaceutical Care Leadership Residency Program (PCLRP), a residency experience that prepares graduates to take responsibility for leading practice change in pharmacy. SETTING University-based residency program focused on delivery of pharmaceutical care in ambulatory care settings. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION AND INNOVATION: Currently, ambulatory care ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and non-destructive analytical technique offers great advantages for pharmaceutical raw material identification (RMID) to fulfill the quality and safety requirements in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we demonstrated the use of portable miniature near-infrared (MicroNIR) spectrometers for NIR-based pharmaceutical RMID and solved two challenges in th...

We describe the emerging issues related to warnings with respect to pharmaceutical company use of the internet as a vehicle for direct-to-consumer marketing (DTC) and market research. We describe the various techniques pharmaceutical companies have used to exploit this new communications medium which permits two way exchange of information. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not issued ...

Once discovered and established as therapeutic agent, the drug substance is used for pharmacotherapy of various diseases. The drug substance itself has unique properties, which in certain cases do not allow for effective therapy. This is the area, where pharmaceutical technology allows to improve drug substance original characteristics by optimization of pharmaceutical formulation. The latter i...

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determination method for the determination of nitrazepam in bulk, in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids was developed. The method is based upon reduction of nitro group of nitrazepam by zinc and hydrochloric acid followed by diazotization and coupling with orcinol in basic medium to form a stable chromophore which absorbs at 470 nm. Th...