A BASIC DESCRIPTION OF PATENT CITATION cycles is provided for 1,100 major companies and organizations covered by the TECH-LINEsM database. The average U.S. patent has five to six “references citedU.S. patent documents.” The properties of these patent citations are shown to vary widely from one technology to another. For example, patents in Office Computing and Accounting, a relatively hot area,...

This paper studies the impact of global factors on patterns of basic research across countries and time. We rely on the records of major scientific awards, and on data dealing with global economic and historical trends. Specifically, we investigate the degree to which scale or threshold effects account for countries share of major prizes [Nobel, Fields, Kyoto and Wolf]. We construct a stylized ...

In this paper, we studied the global dynamics of a SEIR epidemic model in which the latent and immune state were infective. The basic reproductive rate, R0, is derived. If R0 6 1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable and the disease always dies out. If R0 > 1, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is locally stable. Furthermore, we proved the global stability of the unique ...

The purpose of this article is to articulate and provide detail about an interprofessional research collaboration at a public university in a rural area of western United States. This interprofessional research collaboration was organized to explore infant and maternal reciprocity. As a part of the organization and process portion of the collaborative effort, the authors identify the unique att...

This article provides an overview of the current development of information and communication technology (ICT) utilized in Chinese education since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Specifically, the article describes and discusses the positive impacts ICT has on Chinese basic education (grade one to grade nine), as well as the existing problems in the application of ICT. The arti...

Patents do not always promote innovation, particularly when they restrict access to fundamental scientific discoveries and the tools of basic research. However, there are legal and policy approaches that may help to ameliorate problems associated with patenting these sorts of inventions.

Total protein content is a measurement common to many applications in basic science and clinical research. Several different fluorescent techniques are available that eliminate many of the problems associated with the traditional absorbance-based colorimetric methods to measure total protein content. Here we describe the use of fluorescamine to quantitate total protein using the BioTek FL600 fl...

In this paper we propose a new approach for the generation of visual scales for the visualization of scalar and multivariate data. Based on the speci cation of only a few correspondences between the data set and elements of a space of visual representations complex visualization mappings are produced. The foundation of this approach is the introduction of a multidimensional space of visual repr...

A n Internet search using the words healing and transformation leads one to many alternative and complementary therapy sites. Similarly, when examining scientific databases relatively little comes up. Has the focus on basic science, randomized clinical trials, and numbers needed to treat jettisoned the less measurable aspects of clinical practice, such as the patient-healer relationship, into t...