We are accustomed to the idea that while the boundary between two regions is likely to consist of arcs, the points that are in the boundary of three or more regions are intuitively expected to be isolated. In the United States, there is only one point that is in the boundary of four states. In dynamical systems, the boundaries are more complicated. Topologists discovered that it is possible to ...

To meet future global oil and gas demands, unconventional gas resources will play an important role in the U.S and world energy supply. To develop unconventional gas resources, we must first identify their occurrences and quantify their potential. The analog methodology that provides supplementary analysis to characterize the less accessible reservoirs has been employed in the oil & gas industr...

Chilean basins have long been exposed to nutrient discharges from human activities and land use changes. A historical seasonal NO(3)(-)-N and PO(4)(3-)-P database of the last 23 years of the main nine rivers of central-southern region of Chile was analysed. Generalized additive models indicated that annual trends in NO(3)(-)-N and PO(4)(3-)-P are nonlinear. River basins such as Bío-Bío, Bueno, ...

This paper introduces two parsimonious models for predicting runoff for ungauged basins from the observed river flow data in gauged basins and precipitation data from rain gauging stations in the same area. The models assume the runoff is related to the precipitation subject to variance of drainage basins. The runoff can be modeled as a function of precipitation and parameters determined by bas...

We examined genetic diversity within- and among-populations of speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) in five major drainage systems in the state of Oregon in western North America. Analysis of sequence variation in a 670-bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed deep divergence among basins and high genetic diversity within basins. Application of a molecular clock indicated that ...

Since the mid-1990s, the North Shore Mosquito Abatement District (NSMAD) has applied extended-release formulations of mosquito larvicides to approximately 50,000 catch basins in the suburbs north of Chicago, IL, USA. This is performed as part of NSMAD's efforts to reduce local populations of the West Nile virus vector, Culex pipiens. Analyses from NSMAD's monitoring of larvicide-treated basins ...