We presented a scalable fabrication method for the preparation of multilayered nano-prism vertex (NV)-tips whose dimensions can be controlled for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). The NV-tip had sharp vertices (diameter ~20 nm) originated from the chemical lift-off process after the angle-grinding process, enabling high resolution imaging. TERS measurements were performed on brilliant cre...

Wafer backside processing steps that include high temperature exposure may now be simplified with the use of a thermally resistant adhesive, GenTak 330. Processing at temperatures of 200oC and beyond are accepted to include plasma etching, deposition, and the curing of related polymers, such as BCB. By combining the thermoset properties of GenTak 330 with the dissolution characteristics of GenS...

The integration of optical functionalities on a chip has been a long standing goal in the optical community. Given the call for more integration, Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) is a material system of great interest. Although mature CMOS technology can be used for the fabrication of passive optical functionality, particular photonic functions like efficient light emission still require III-V semico...

Understanding light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) movement in heterogeneous vadose environments is important for effective remediation design. We investigated LNAPL movement near a sloping fineover coarse-grained textural interface, forming a capillary barrier. LNAPL flow experiments were performed in a glass chamber (50 cm 3 60 cm 3 1.0 cm) using two silica sands (12/20 and 30/40 sieve sizes...

We used strong inference with Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to assess the processes capable of explaining long-term (1984-1995) variation in the per capita rate of change of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi) populations in the Coweeta Creek drainage (USA). We sampled two fourthand one fifth-order sites (BCA [uppermost], BCB, and CC [lowermost]) along a downstream gradient, and the study en...

BACKGROUND Cocoa pod is an outer part of cocoa fruits being discarded during cocoa bean processing. Authors found out that data on its usage in literature as cosmetic materials was not recorded in vast. In this study, cocoa pod extract was investigated for its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. METHODS Cocoa pod extract (CPE) composition was accomplished using UHPLC. The antioxidant capacity...

BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous entity with multiple aetiologies, all linked to underlying vascular disease. Among these, VCI related to subcortical small vessel disease (SSVD) is emerging as a major homogeneous subtype. Its progressive course raises the need for biomarker identification and/or development for adequate therapeutic interventions to be tested. In...