Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality used to calculate the deposit of dose in radiotherapy planning, where the physical interactions are modelled based upon the electron density, which can be calculated from CT images. Traditionally this is a three step process: linearising the raw x-ray measurements and correcting for beamhardening and scatter; inverting the system with analytic or...

BACKGROUND Post-Extraction ridge preservation using bone graft substitutes is a conservative technique to maintain the width of the alveolar ridge. The objective of the present study was to evaluate an in situ hardening biphasic (HA/β-TCP) bone graft substitutes for ridge preservation without primary wound closure or a dental membrane. METHODS A total of 15 patients reported for tooth extract...

A polycarbonate-based nanohybrid has been created containing 1 wt% of Bentone 2010, an organically modified montmorillonite. A micro-section on the nanohybrid obtained using focused ion beam (FIB) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to observe the orientation of the nanoclay inside a polycarbonate (PC) matrix in the cross-section FIB-milled face. A micro-scratch...

To identify genes involved in stress resistance and heat hardening, replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster were selected for increased resistance to knockdown by a 39 degrees heat stress. Two selective regimes were used, one with and one without prior hardening. Mean knockdown times were increased from approximately 5 min to > 20 min after 18 generations. Initial realized heritabilities wer...

Stem cold hardening developed to different levels in citrus types tested in controlled environments. Exotherms indicated ice spread was more uniform and rapid in unhardened than in cold-hardened stems. All attempts to inhibit the functioning of citrus leaves resulted in less cold hardening in the stems. Citrus leaves contribute a major portion of cold hardening in the wood.