Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a reduction of ≥20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or a reduction of ≥10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing. OH may be caused by an excessive decrease in blood volume when a person is standing or from inadequate compensation for the reduction in cardiac preload associated with standing because of deficient stimulation of cardiop...

MANS’ CONTINUED INITIATIVE in space exploration will tax the human body, including the cardiovascular system. This system is exquisitely sensitive to loading conditions and neurohormonal stimuli and is adapted to function in normal gravitational environments (1 G). Both mechanical (muscle and diaphragmatic pumps) and neurohormonal regulatory mechanisms are critical in maintaining adequate blood...

thinking, language, cognition, the capacities for self-observation and self-evaluation, and the ability to project present conditions into the future. The child’s active participation in the process is perforce more sporadic and less reliable than that of the adult. (1978, p. 297) Finally, it is vital to stress that in addition to offering interpretations in the idiom of the play, the analyst m...

A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and rates of inactivity and cardiovascular disease are highly prevalent in our society. Cardiovascular disease is often associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, which has both direct and indirect effects on multiple organ systems. Although it has been known for some time that exercise positively affe...