BACKGROUND The dual-task paradigm is a procedure in which subjects are asked to perform two behavioral tasks concurrently, each of which involves a distinct goal with a unique stimulus-response association. Due to the heavy demand on subject's cognitive abilities, human studies using this paradigm have provided detailed insights regarding how the components of cognitive systems are functionally...

Impulse activity was recorded extracellularly from noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC; 47 single-cell and 126 multicell recordings) of four cynomolgus monkeys performing an oddball visual discrimination task. For juice reward, the subjects were required to release a lever rapidly in response to an infrequent (10-20% of trials) target cue (CS+) that was randomly intermixed ...

Many School Psychologist and Educational Consultants have used Bergan’s Behavioral Consultation model (Bergan, 1977) in public school and residential settings with significant success (Witt, Noell, LaFleur & Mortenson, 1997). Performance feedback (Noell, Duhon, Gatti, & Connell, 2002) has been used to strengthen the behavioral consultation model by monitoring intervention implementation and pro...

How cognitive control is recruited and implemented has become a major focus of researchers in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Current theories posit that cognitive control operates at the level of general rules--for example, in a Stroop task, "attend to the color of the stimulus." Here we report behavioral evidence suggesting that cognitive control is implemented much more locally, opera...

This paper examines the relationship between anxiety and performance from a cognitivebehavioral perspective. Previous research in the field has suggested that the majority of consultations conducted by sport psychologists are related to anxiety. Included is a discussion on the theoretical underpinnings of anxiety and how it relates to performance. Research conducted on the relationship between ...

intracellular targeting of WR4017/pMGB2 led to expression of CS antigen on the cell surface in association with dass I MHC molecules and the induction of a cell-mediated immune response. This technique should be useful for precise mapping of critical T cell epitopes, and for construction of vaccines against other diseases in which cell-mediated immunity is important, such as leprosy, leishmania...

To investigate neuronal processing during short-term memory, we analyzed behavior-related modulations of coupling between signals on two spatial scales: first, very local multiunit activity and second, local field potentials. Coupling was assessed by spike field coherence using a new approach to overcome limitations in cases of low firing rates. We demonstrate the reliability of our approach wi...

Cognitive control is required for correct antisaccade performance. High antisaccade error rates characterize certain psychiatric disorders, but can be highly variable, even among healthy groups. Antisaccade data were acquired from a large sample of healthy undergraduates, and error rate was quantified. Participants who reliably made few errors (good, n = 13) or many errors (poor, n = 13) were r...

Interindividual differences in the effects of reward on performance are prevalent and poorly understood, with some individuals being more dependent than others on the rewarding outcomes of their actions. The origin of this variability in reward dependence is unknown. Here, we tested the relationship between reward dependence and brain structure in healthy humans. Subjects trained on a visuomoto...

behavioral problems in cats have drawn more attention in recent years since they affect the cat-owner relationship. this study was designed to study the rate of cats with undesirable behaviors according to their owners. frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending small animal hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of tehran, was evaluated using a questionnaire. accordin...