the world: The Aufbau and the emergence of logical empiricism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Richardson, A. (2003). Narrating the history of reason itself: Friedman, Kuhn, and a constitutive a priori for the twenty-first century. Perspectives on Science, 10, 253–274. Smith, L. D. (1986). Behaviorism and logical positivism: A reassessment of the alliance. Palo Alto, CA: Stanfor...

Connectivism and behaviorism are the main educational paradigms that describes the two most known types of MOOCs, named as cMOOCs and xMOOCs. Some aspects of pedagogical approximation in this type of courses are the mainstream of study and debate nowadays, such as quality and adequate approaching. In this reflection, it’s shown some reflections about problematical pedagogy approaches to be solv...

Cognitive science is the transdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, the aim of which to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behaviorism. It analyses the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experiences and the sense. Some chief areas of research in cognitive science have been artificial intelligence, psychology, neuroscience, educat...

Pragmatism, a philosophical approach that originally appeared in the USA, places its evaluation of validity ideas on concepts such as "action" and "benefit". The pioneers this philosophy believe basis human thought knowledge should be traced back to notion benefit. Language, according John Dewey, is tool for representing meaning. Accordingly, language must loaded with utilitarian creating pract...

The field of psychology remains a divided one. Several different sub-disciplines (e.g., developmental, cognitive, behaviorism, social, etc.) form what could be a unified scientific area. However, there is no widely accepted theory of unification. Charles Darwin once theorized that evolutionary theory would change the foundation of psychology; but over the years, evolutionary psychology has been...

Learning and memory are inextricably intertwined. The capacity for learning presupposes an ability to retain the knowledge acquired through experience, while memory stores the background knowledge against which new learning takes place. During the dark years of radical behaviorism, when the concept of memory was deemed too mentalistic to be a proper subject of scientific study, research on huma...