There was reason from bacterial and algal systems to expect that pretreatments with a paraquat analog might confer tolerance against a subsequent paraquat treatment. Thus, a series of compounds were tested for protective activity against bipyridinium herbicides. These included other bipyridinium compounds and derivatives, as well as compounds having similar or more positive redox potentials tha...

Palladium-catalyzed S-benzylation of unprotected mercaptobenzoic acids with benzyl alcohols gave only S-benzylated mercaptobenzoic acids in good yields. Water may play an important role for the smooth generation of the (η(3)-benzyl)palladium species by activation of the hydroxyl group of the benzyl alcohol.

the in-situ method of synthesis has been used to isolate oxovanadium(iv) complexes with ligands derived by reaction of benzil with amino acids such as glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine and valine, where template effect of vo +2 cation appears to play an important role. the complexes are characterised by elemental analysis, magnetic moment measurements and spectral (infrared, electronic and ele...

An ultrasensitive method for the determination of proteins is described that combines an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling method. A sandwich method using a primary and a secondary antibody for antigens is employed in an ELISA. An androsterone derivative, 3α-hydroxysteroid, is produced by the hydrolysis of 3α-hydroxysteroid ...

Tonsil Actisil FF, which is a commercial bentonitic clay, promotes the formation of cycloveratrylene macrocycles and benzyl oligomers from the corresponding benzyl alcohols in good yields under microwave heating and infrared irradiation in the absence of solvent in both cases. The catalytic reaction is sensitive to the type of substituent on the aromatic ring. Thus, when benzyl alcohol was subs...

Enantiomerically pure 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate 1 (MEP) is synthesized from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose via facile benzylation in good yield. Subsequently, 1 is used for enzymatic synthesis of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2 (CDP-ME) using 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase (IspD). The chemoenzymatically synthesized 2 can be used as substrate fo...

nano-srtio3 and tio2 powders were synthesized using sol-gel method. the srtio3 and tio2 powders were characterized using xrd, sem, and spectrophotometry. xrd analysis indicated that the tio2 powder was uniform anatase crystals of 9.9 nm and the srtio3 powders was cubic nano-crystal of 16.2nm. photocatalytic experiments revealed that methyl orange in water can be decomposed on the two powders un...

Benzyl beta-D-galactofuranoside was efficiently obtained from 1,2,3,5,6-penta-O-benzoyl-alpha,beta-D-galactofuranose, via benzyl 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D-galactofuranoside. Conditions for the O-debenzylation were investigated in order to evaluate the synthetic application of the benzyl group as an anomeric protector of a galactofuranose moiety in synthetic strategies involving galactofura...

D-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and unnatural L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 were prepared in gram-quantities from D- and L-2,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol by a chemical phosphorylation and deprotection step in high yield and purity without extensive purification. The optically pure benzyl derivatives were obtained by enzyme-catalyzed resolution of racemic 2,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol under acyl-transfer conditions in vinyl a...