introduction: an appropriate water resources management and planning is necessary due to the scarcity of water resources and rapidly growing world population. in this regard, selecting appropriate methods for irrigation is one of the most important issues. drip irrigation is a recent advanced irrigation method in which fertilizers can be efficiently applied along with irrigation water. drip fer...

The Fukushima Dai-ichi release of radionuclides into ocean waters caused significant local and global concern regarding the spread of radioactive material. We report unequivocal evidence that Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, transported Fukushima-derived radionuclides across the entire North Pacific Ocean. We measured γ-emitting radionuclides in California-caught tunas and found (134)C...

On rend compte d'une mfithode de relier un spectrom~tre ~ scintillation de liquide avec un analyzateur de hauteur de pulsations ~ multicanaux, afin d'enregistrer simultan6ment les spectres b~ta avec trois diff6rentes gammes d'~nergie. On prfisente les spectres de tritium, de carbone-14 et de phosphore-32 enregistr6s par cette mfithode. Les analyses des spectres b6ta s'ach~vent par une m6thode d...

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. All isotopes of technetium (Tc) are radioactive, and the environmentally most important one is 99 Tc because of its very long half-life (2.1x10 5 years) and relatively high 235 U-fission yield [1,2]. Accordingly, it is one of the critical radionuclides in an environmental impact assessment for radioactive waste disposal. A significant a...

The use of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of biochemical and physiological processes in vivo has evolved into an important diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine and medical research. Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most sophisticated molecular imaging methodology, mainly due to the unrivalled high sensitivity which allows for the studying of biochemistry in ...

BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer patients with chemotherapy-resistant residual microscopic disease in the peritoneal cavity have a considerable need for new treatment options. Alpha-emitting radionuclides injected intraperitoneally may be an attractive therapeutic option in this situation as they are highly cytotoxic, while their short range in tissues can spare surrounding radiosensitive organs in th...

Ionising radiation is a known leukaemogen and in utero exposure to diagnostic X-rays associates with increased risk of childhood leukaemia (see abstract by R. Wakeford). This paper examines the methodology used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to estimate doses to the child following in utero radionuclide exposures, considers experimental evidence for in utero h...

A variety of radionuclides continue to be investigated and/or clinically used for different therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. The choice of a particular radionuclide with regard to appropriate emissions, linear energy transfer (LET), and physical half-life, etc., is dictated to a large extent by the character of the disease (e.g., solid tumor or metastatic disease), and by the carri...

BACKGROUND Cytokine receptors are exceptionally valuable targets for immunotherapy. For example, the high affinity IL-2 receptor is expressed by abnormal T cells in patients with certain lymphoid malignancies or autoimmune disorders and in individuals rejecting allografts whereas it is not expressed by normal resting cells. DESIGN To exploit this difference in receptor expression in normal re...

Low frequency noise characteristics of new high voltage, high performance complementary polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors have been studied. The influence of the base biasing resistance, emitter geometry, and temperature on the noise spectra are discussed. The npn transistors studied exhibited 1/f and shot noise. The pnp transistors, on the other hand, are characterized by significant gen...