BACKGROUND Brain volume atrophy is observed in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS Brain volume changes were evaluated in 23 patients with RRMS treated with interferon β-1a 44 μg given subcutaneously (SC) three times a week (tiw) and 15 healthy controls. Percentages of whole brain and tissue-specific volume change were measured from baseline (0 months) to 3 months, from 3 t...

the aggregation of protein is the most prevalent and the most disturbing kind of instability and this challenge exists in almost every stage of the development of protein drug. the presence of insoluble aggregations in protein drugs will make the supply of the product a tough job. this study identifies the inhibition of the folded interferon beta 1-b’s aggregation with the assistance of some ex...

Interferon beta was approved in Spain in 1995 for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis. There are 2 main types, interferon beta-1a and 1b, both of which are sold in a variety of formulations, resulting in a range of responses to the same molecule. Local skin reactions are a common adverse effect, and are usually self-limiting. By contrast, panniculitis and lipoatrophy are very rare, ...

BACKGROUND Adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) results in the reduction of the number and severity of relapses and delays the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients with lower adherence rates experience more inpatient visits and higher MS-related medical costs. Fingolimod, the first oral DMT approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, may improve the access and compli...

Objective To investigate whether serum neurofilament light chain (NF-L) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) predict disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods A cohort of 85 patients with RRMS were followed for 2 years (6 months without disease-modifying treatment and 18 months with interferon-beta 1a [IFNB-1a]). Expanded Disability Status Scale was scored at baseline and every 6 ...

BACKGROUND Long-term therapies such as disease modifying therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) demand high levels of medication adherence in order to reach acceptable outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe adherence to four disease modifying drugs (DMDs) among statutorily insured patients within two years following treatment initiation. These drugs were interferon beta-1a i.m. (Avo...

BACKGROUND/AIM A cost-effectiveness analyses of immunomodulatory treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in developed countries have shown that any benefit from these drugs is achieved at very high cost. The aim of our study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of five treatment strategies in patients diagnosed with RRMS (symptom management alone and in combination with su...

Interferon beta was approved in Spain in 1995 for the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis. There are 2 main types, interferon beta-1a and 1b, both of which are sold in a variety of formulations, resulting in a range of responses to the same molecule. Local skin reactions are a common adverse effect, and are usually self-limiting. By contrast, panniculitis and lipoatrophy are very rare, ...

Longitudinal ordinal data are common in many scientific studies, including those of multiple sclerosis (MS), and are frequently modeled using Markov dependency. Several authors have proposed random-effects Markov models to account for heterogeneity in the population. In this paper, we go one step further and study prediction based on random-effects Markov models. In particular, we show how to c...

Interferon-beta is one of the most widely prescribed disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis patients. However, this treatment only partially effective, and a significant proportion patients do not respond to drug. This paper proposes an alternative fuzzy logic system, based on opinion neurology expert, classify relapsing–remitting as high, medium, or low responders interferon-beta. ...