The nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) and nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) are implicated in the generation of rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Work in cats has indicated that GABA in RPO plays a role in the regulation of REM. We assessed REM after local microinjections into RPO and RPC of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) agonist, muscimol (MUS), and the GABA(A) antagonist,...

Changes in the expression of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) are involved in the genesis and development of a number of malignancies. However, the association between changes in the expression of RGS2 and breast invasive carcinoma of no special type (BIC-NST) remains unknown. The present study found that, in comparison to normal breast tissue, BIC-NST exhibited low expression of RGS2 ...

Adult male rats (n = 17/group, 300-320 g, physically untrained) were exercised (9.14 m/min) in the heat (35 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (rectal temperature 43 degrees C) after infusion of 2 ml of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate (BIC) or 2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride (SAL). Rats receiving BIC or SAL had no effects on endurance when compared with rats receiving no exogenous fluid [control (CON])...

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and clinically concerning body-image concern (BIC) appear to possess abnormalities in the way they perceive visual information in the form of a bias towards local visual processing. As inversion interrupts normal global processing, forcing individuals to process locally, an upright-inverted stimulus discrimination task was used to investigate this...

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel universal coupled theory for metamaterial bound states in the continuum (BIC) or quasi-bound (quasi-BIC) which provides ultra-high Q resonance devices. Our analytically calculates coupling of two bright modes with phase information. method has much more accuracy ultra-strong comparing previous theories (the one mode and dark bright-mode coupling). Ther...

In neuroimaging it is now becoming standard practise to fit multiple models to data and compare them using a model selection criterion. This is especially prevalent in the analysis of brain connectivity. This paper describes a simulation study which compares the relative merits of three model selection criteria (i) Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), (ii) the Bayesian Information Criterion (B...

We study the effective degrees of freedom of the lasso in the framework of Stein’s unbiased risk estimation (SURE). We show that the number of nonzero coefficients is an unbiased estimate for the degrees of freedom of the lasso—a conclusion that requires no special assumption on the predictors. In addition, the unbiased estimator is shown to be asymptotically consistent. With these results on h...

This paper proposes mixture models for spatially adaptive smoothing of health event data (e.g. mortality or illness totals). Such models allow for spatial pooling of strength but adopt a mixture strategy that also reflects health risks that are discordant with those of surrounding areas. Mixing is either discrete or based on beta densities. A fully Bayesian estimation and specification strategy...

The segmentation problem arises in many applications in data mining, A.I. and statistics, including segmenting time series, decision tree algorithms and image processing. In this paper, we consider a range of criteria which may be applied to determine if some data should be segmented into two or regions. We develop a information theoretic criterion (MML) for the segmentation of univariate data ...