British Journal of General Practice, February 2013 109 IntroduCtIon Facial nerve dysfunction can severely affect a patient’s quality of life. The human face is a focal point for communication and expression. The facial nerve carries motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibres, so facial palsy results in both a functional and cosmetic impairment. Facial weakness secondary to upper motor neurone l...

BACKGROUND Moebius Sequence (MS) is a rare disorder defined by bilateral congenital paralysis of the abducens and facial nerves in combination with various odontological, craniofacial, ophthalmological and orthopaedic conditions. The aetiology is still unknown; but both genetic (de novo mutations) and vascular events in utero are reported. The purpose of present study was through a multidiscipl...

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PURPOSE There is no uniformity in the literature about the core features required to make the diagnosis of Möbius sequence. Originally, the minimum requirements were the bilateral paralysis of the VI and the VII cranial nerves. The bilateral facial nerve paralysis or paresis, often asymmetric, is common to all patients but some facts show that the isolated VI nerve palsy in the Möbius sequence ...

UNLABELLED Facial paralysis can result from a variety of etiologies; the most common is the idiopathic type. Evaluation and treatment are particularly complex. The treatment of acute facial paralysis may require facial nerve decompression surgery. Any structure near the path of the facial nerve is at risk during transmastoid decompression surgery. AIM This is a retrospective study, carried ou...

Möbius syndrome (MIM no. 157900) consists of a congenital paresis or paralysis of the VIIth cranial nerve, frequently accompanied by paralysis of other cranial nerves, orofacial and limb malformations, defects of the musculoskeletal system and mental retardation. Although most patients are sporadic cases, familial recurrence is not rare. Different pedigrees suggest different modes of inheritanc...

Facial Synkinesis is a clinical condition that is the sequel to facial nerve paralysis which develops during nerve repair like axon myelination and regeneration. Involuntary muscle activity is accompanied by voluntary muscle activity and may involve facial and extra ocular muscles. This article describes an uncommon variation of facial Synkinesis that manifested clinically in weak voluntary che...

BACKGROUND Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common craniofacial disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies, including conductive hearing loss due to external and middle ear deformities. However, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as well as facial nerve dysfunction is underappreciated. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of auditory and facial nerve dysfunction a...

Facial nerve paralysis can occasionally result from the treatment of head and neck cancer. The treatment of paralysis is patient specific, and requires an assessment of the remaining nerve segments, musculature, functional deficits, anticipated recovery, and patient factors. When feasible, reinnervation of the remaining musculature can provide the most natural outcome. However, the complex and ...