BACKGROUND In the Old World, sandfly species of the genus Phlebotomus are known vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella and several viruses. Recent sandfly catches and autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis hint on spreading tendencies of the vectors towards Central Europe. However, studies addressing potential future distribution of sandflies in the light of a changing European climate are missing. ...

It has been argued that widespread extinctions of top predators have changed terrestrial ecosystem structures through mesopredator release, where increased abundances of medium-sized predators have detrimental effects on prey communities. This top-down concept has received much attention within conservation biology, but few studies have demonstrated the phenomenon. The concept has been criticiz...

This paper explores the role of empathy within new product development from the perspective of human-centred design. The authors have developed a range of empathic design tools and strategies that help to identify authentic human needs.For products and services to be effective, they need to satisfy both functional and emotional needs of individuals. In addition, the individual user needs to fee...

In this paper we define the notion of a privacy design strategy. These strategies help to support privacy by design throughout the full software development life cycle, even before the design phase. Using current data protection legislation as point of departure we derive the following eight privacy design strategies: MINIMISE, HIDE, SEPARATE, AGGREGATE, INFORM, CONTROL, ENFORCE, and DEMONSTRAT...

In this paper we define the notion of a privacy design strategy. These strategies help IT architects to support privacy by design early in the software development life cycle, during concept development and analysis. Using current data protection legislation as point of departure we derive the following eight privacy design strategies: MINIMISE, HIDE, SEPARATE, AGGREGATE, INFORM, CONTROL, ENFOR...

Introduction Bioclimatic zone systems aim to define reproducible sets of named biogeographical cells that facilitate global comparisons of ecological data. Zones based on extant vegetation loosely reflect contemporary climate, but are vitiated by climate history, chance establishment, genetic potential of local species, terrain instability, intrazonal soils, and biotic disturbance. The system o...

Semiconductor designers are now in the business of system design and significant productivity improvements can only be reached through an additional investment upstream in architectural understanding. Chip layout strategies shall now result from such upstream decisions implying new developments in precharacterized cells used at the breadboard level, functional simulation using custom CAD tools....

Precise modelling of the influence of climate change on Arabica coffee is limited; there are no data available for indigenous populations of this species. In this study we model the present and future predicted distribution of indigenous Arabica, and identify priorities in order to facilitate appropriate decision making for conservation, monitoring and future research. Using distribution data w...