AA: alopecia areata RANK: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa b ligand TNF: tumor necrosis factor INTRODUCTION In the last 2 decades, various biologic agents have been developed to treat autoimmune disorders. Along with their high clinical efficacy, these agents have been associated with several paradoxical proinflammatory or autoimmune r...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations. While the clearest guidelines for the treatment of SLE exist in the context of lupus nephritis, patients with other lupus manifestations such as neuropsychiatric, hematologic, musculoskeletal, and severe cutaneous lupus frequently require immunosuppression and/or biologic therapy. Conventio...

BACKGROUND Biologic agents are routinely used in the treatment of severe psoriasis. The evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on the physician's global clinical assessment. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dermoscopy might enhance the assessment of response of psoriasis to treatment with biologic agents. METHODS Patients with severe psoriasis scheduled to receive a biologic agent...

Particle beams like protons and heavier ions offer improved dose distributions compared with photon (also called x-ray) beams and thus enable dose escalation within the tumor while sparing normal tissues. Although protons have a biologic effectiveness comparable to photons, ions, because they are heavier than protons, provide a higher biologic effectiveness. Recent technologic developments in t...

The clinical evaluation of salivary gland tumors requires the physician to rely heavily on previous experience, a thorough knowledge of head and neck anatomy, and an understanding of the biologic behavior of the numerous histologically varied tumors that can occur in this system of glands. Historically, the salivary gland neoplasms were vaguely classified until Foote and Frazell presented their...

Although biologic medications have demonstrated great efficacy for the treatment of psoriasis, a subset of patients fails to respond and others lose response later in the course. In treating a patient who has failed to respond to biologic therapy, clinicians must decide between dose escalation, switching biologics, and adding or switching to a non-biologic systemic drug or phototherapy. Althoug...

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2020;35(7):1578–1588) The septate uterus has an estimated prevalence of 0.2% to 2.3% in women reproductive age and is associated with impaired outcomes, the biologic basis which unclear. standard-of-care treatment for hysteroscopic septum resection.

OBJECTIVES Comparative outcomes of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) prescribed a biologic therapy are inconclusive. The aim of this research was to characterize the degree of unmet medical need in patients with UC or CD and to identify the potential role for new therapies. METHODS A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies reporting outcomes associa...