within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of low power laser radiation (Ga-Al-As; 830nm) on the seminiferous epithelium of Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and the sham). The left testes of the animals were shaved, washed and marked at inferior pole. Then, they...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

Abstract Background: Follicles are part of epidermis and pass through a cell cycle. The result of this cell division is producing hair. Follicles specially growing follicles are very sensitive against irradiation and are damaged by low dose rates. So in this study investigated the relationship between chronic exposure of radiation workers and their hair loss. Materials and methods: In this stud...

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

In this paper, laser beam welding of a rectangular piece of steel was simulated using Fluent software. Physical properties of analytical field was constant and its changes with temperature was ignored. In the present work, effect of tool speed and laser power on temperature distribution of workpiece surface and different deeps in the plane of symmetry and also maximum of temperature and depth o...

In this paper, laser beam welding of a rectangular piece of steel was simulated using Fluent software. Physical properties of analytical field was constant and its changes with temperature was ignored. In the present work, effect of tool speed and laser power on temperature distribution of workpiece surface and different deeps in the plane of symmetry and also maximum of temperature and depth o...