The following biomechanics project was designed to be a review of literature related to the most important skill in volleyball, the overhead spike, or attack. The literature has been reviewed and select articles dealing with the various components of the overhead spike are presented as exemplary and representative of the kids of biomechanical analyses that are available. Though not exhaustive i...

325 NEWSFOCUS PHOENIX, ARIZONA—When it comes to running on sand, the ghost crab is an Olympic champion. With legs that are a blur to the naked eye, Ocypode quadrata scoots up to 2 meters per second on hard-packed sand. But soften up the sand a bit, and the gold medal instead goes to the zebra-tailed lizard, an animal that spends little time on the grainy material. This surprising observation, r...

The role of computational modeling for biomechanics research and related clinical care will be increasingly prominent. The biomechanics community has been developing computational models routinely for exploration of the mechanics and mechanobiology of diverse biological structures. As a result, a large array of models, data, and discipline-specific simulation software has emerged to support end...

In this paper we propose the time&fitness-dependent Hamiltonian form of human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. Starting with the Covariant Force Law, we first develop autonomous Hamiltonian biomechanics. Then we extend it using a powerful geometrical machinery consisting of fibre bundles, jet manifolds, polysymplectic geometry and Hamiltonian connec...

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure in maintaining the normal biomechanics of the knee and is the most commonly injured knee ligament. However, the oblique course of the ACL within the intercondylar fossa limits the visualization and assessment of the pathology of the ligament. This pictorial essay provides a comprehensive and illustrative review of the anatomy and bi...

After extraction, space closure is an essential part of orthodontic treatment which needs thorough understanding of biomechanics used for space closure. Orthodont ic appl iances are being ref ined wi th passage of t ime . This re f inement has reduced the physical e f fort pu t for th in treatment , but does not el imina te the need for an orthodont ist to think, unders tand and apply basic pri...

Publisher's statement This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Clinical Biomechanics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A defin...

the provision of an adequate quantity of cells with proper function and purity is one of the main challenges of tissue engineering studies. stem cells, with their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, are considered one of the main cell sources in the field of tissue engineering. previously, the use of chemical factors seemed to be the only possible way for stem cell differentiation. howev...

An irreparable subscapularis may have a debilitating influence on glenohumeral joint biomechanics. Traditional treatment approaches are focused on tendon transfers, among which the most popular are pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi transfers. However, these techniques present significant retear rates, possible nerve injuries, and altered biomechanics. Other techniques like tibialis anterior...