In this research, we used the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor to detect chemical compounds such as ammonia, methane, and ammonia-methane mixture gases. Very low concentration of ammonia (~250 ppb) and methane (~9 ppm) can be detected by our SAW devices. And we used mesoporous carbon hollow nanosphere in Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PNVP) film to increase the sensitivity to ammonia from 6.91 to 1...

Background Biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass is generally considered to be challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of this biomass. In this study, the recalcitrance of birch was reduced by applying steam-explosion (SE) pretreatment (210 °C and 10 min). Moreover, bioaugmentation with the cellulolytic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was applied to possibly enhance the methan...

Ozone and methane are chemically active climate-forcing agents affected by climate–chemistry interactions in the atmosphere. Key chemical reactions and processes affecting ozone and methane are presented. It is shown that climate-chemistry interactions have a significant impact on the two compounds. Ozone, which is a secondary compound in the atmosphere, produced and broken down mainly in the t...

A laboratory procedure is described for measuring methane potentials of organic solid waste. Triplicate reactors with 10 grams of volatile solids were incubated at 55 degrees C with 400 ml of inoculum from a thermophilic biogas plant and the methane production was followed over a 50-day period by regular measurements of methane on a gas chromatograph. The procedure involves blanks as well as ce...

In modern marine sediments, the anoxic decomposition of organic matter generates a significant flux of methane that is oxidized microbially with sulphate under the seafloor and never reaches the atmosphere. In contrast, prior to ca 2.4Gyr ago, the ocean had little sulphate to support anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and the ocean should have been an important methane source. As atmospheric ...

In the deep ocean, the conversion of methane into derived carbon and energy drives the establishment of diverse faunal communities. Yet specific biological mechanisms underlying the introduction of methane-derived carbon into the food web remain poorly described, due to a lack of cultured representative deep-sea methanotrophic prokaryotes. Here, the response of the deep-sea aerobic methanotroph...

This paper presents a systematic methodology for design of landfill methane migration control systems. The key to the methodology is that it tests for deficiencies in the conceptual model (working hypothesis) of methane migration, correcting potential design flaws in the landfill methane control system before commencing design and construction. The testing is accomplished by (1) a field investi...

Introduction: Reports of methane in the Martian atmosphere have spurred speculation about sources for that methane [1-3]. Discussion has centered on cometary/ meteoritic delivery, magmatic/mantle processes, UVbreakdown of organics, serpentinization of basalts, and generation of methane by living organisms. This paper describes an additional possibility: that buried organic remains from past lif...

The high-quality draft genome of "Candidatus Methanoperedens sp." strain BLZ2, a nitrate-reducing archaeon anaerobically oxidizing methane, is presented. The genome was obtained from an enrichment culture and measures 3.74 Mb. It harbors two nitrate reductase gene clusters, an ammonium-forming nitrite reductase, and the complete reverse methanogenesis pathway. Methane that escapes to the atmosp...

In this paper, the effect of adding hydrogen to the composition of methane and air in a micro combustor is investigated by a three-dimensional numerical method. First, the results of the current study in determining the wall temperature of the micro combustion chamber are compared with those obtained from the experimental and numerical results of the previous research. By confirming the numeric...