Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are autonomous,infrastructure less, self-organized networks. In MANETs, nodes are not stationary and thus move arbitrarily, resulting in rapid and unpredictable topology changes in the network. Due to the limited transmission range of the nodes in the MANETs, these nodes are not capable of directly communicating with each other. Hence, routing paths in MANETs pot...

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are one of the fastest growing areas of research. A MANET is a collection of communication devices or nodes that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and predetermined organization of available links. Some characteristics of MANETs such as communication via wireless links, resource constraints (such as bandwidth and battery power), cooperation bet...

Security is an essential requirement in mobile ad hoc networks to provide protected communication between mobile nodes. Due to unique characteristics of MANETS, it creates a number of consequential challenges to its security design. To overcome the challenges, there is a need to build a multifence security solution that achieves both broad protection and desirable network performance. MANETs ar...

Network security is a pathetic link in wired and wireless network systems. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a compilation of self-sufficient nodes that converse with every further by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining associations in a decentralized manner. Security remains a main challenge for these networks owing to their features of open medium, animatedly changing topologie...

The main purpose of this research is portfolio optimization in Tehran securities exchange using the black hole algorithm and the Gravitational Research algorithm. We also propose an algorithm named Hybrid Algorithm which combines the two algorithms above to cover the weaknesses of these two algorithms. Finally we compare the results with the Markowitz model and choose the optimal algorithm.<br ...