a painful 'sore' on the medial aspect of his left little toe over the preceding month but had pain in the toe intermittently for some years. At the time of presentation the toe was attached only by a piece of thick skin on the lateral side of the toe, good volume peripheral pulses were present in the foot and sensation was normal (Fig. 1). He had no significant past medical history. Radiologica...

[Purpose] This study examined the relationship between toe grip strength and its associated factors by focusing on factors that were suggested to have a relationship with toe grip strength in previous studies, aiming to clarify the factors influencing the toe grip strength of healthy women. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve healthy young women were selected for this study. Their toe grip strength, ...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to compare toe grip strength and muscle activity during toe grip strength exertion according to the presence/absence of an ankle immobilization belt and to examine the relationship between the differences in muscle activity and toe grip strength. [Subjects] The Subjects were 13 healthy young women. [Methods] We measured toe grip strength and muscle activity d...

First cousins, related through their mothers, showed a pattern of craniofacial, brain, and limb anomalies consistent with the acrocallosal syndrome. Both patients had a defect of the corpus callosum, macrocephaly with a protruding forehead and occiput, hypertelorism, non-horizontal palpebral fissures, a small nose, notched ear lobes, and postaxial polydactyly of the hands. The boy, in addition,...

OBJECTIVE To discuss the anatomical features of sinus venosus atrial defect on the basis of a comprehensive transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) examination and its relation to surgical data. METHODS 24 patients (13 men, 11 women, mean (SD) age 37 (17) years, range 17-73 years) with a posterior interatrial communication closely related to the entrance of the superior (SVC) or inferior vena...

A syndrome of red hair, blue sclera, and brittle cornea with recurrent spontaneous perforations is presented in 2 siblings of a Tunisian Jewish family. The genetic transmission of this disorder is autosomal recessive. This is the second description of this syndrome, which should be called the 'brittle cornea syndrome'. This syndrome has so far been reported only in Tunisian Jewish families.

Three unrelated children are reported with intrauterine proportionate growth retardation and facial dysmorphism (broad nose, flat malar area, large mouth, pointed chin), microcephaly, hypo/aplasia of the terminal fifth digits, and (sub)normal intelligence. Radiological findings include hypo/aplasia or fusion of the distal phalanges of the fifth finger and toe, brachymesophalangism V, and nail d...

This paper describes the influence of human toe movement on blood flow and the design of a toe joint passive motion system for preventing pressure ulcers. First, we measured lower extremity blood flow in the foot during active and passive motion of the toe to facilitate the design of new rehabilitation equipment. Also, the flexion and extension angles and the force of the toe joints were measur...

In this paper standing balance control of a biped with toe-joint is presented. The model consists of an inverted pendulum as the upper body and the foot contains toe-joint. The biped is actuated by two torques at ankle-joint and toe-joint to regulate the upper body in upright position. To model the interaction between foot and the ground, configuration constraints are defined and utilized. To s...