Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 10, No. 10, October 2004 1887 SARS also imposed physical and psychological concerns on the healthcare workers. During the later stage of the SARS epidemic, the Taiwan government offered special financial assistance to hospitals and healthcare workers as an incentive to help fight SARS. The country’s National Health Insurance program compensa...

A numerical method to simulate liquid-vapor phase change is presented. The method is based on the so-called single eld formulation where one set of equations for conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are written for the entire ow eld. Interfacial source terms for surface tension, interphase mass transfer and latent heat are added as delta functions that are non-zero only at the phase bound...

Understanding nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and, in particular the accurate prediction of conditions that can lead to critical flux, is utmost importance many industries. Due safety issues related nuclear power plants, and for efficient operation units including fossil fuel boilers, fusion reactors, electronic chips, etc., it important understand this kind transfer. In paper, a comprehens...

Four common techniques for the removal of dissolved oxygen from water have been examined: boiling at 1 atm, boiling under reduced pressure, purging with N(2) and sonication under reduced pressure. After treatment, the residual oxygen in solution was analysed by the Winkler method. Nitrogen purging for 20-40 min at flow rate of 25 mL/s was found to be the most effective oxygen removal method. Bo...

Measurements of space and time resolved subcooled pool boiling of FC-72 in low, earth, and high gravity environments were made using a microscale heater array. Data from each heater in the array were synchronized with highspeed digital video. The boiling behavior was dominated by the formation of a large primary bubble on the surface which acted as a ‘‘sink’’ for many smaller bubbles surroundin...

The ˆrst section of this paper (overview on boiling heat transfer characteristics) is directed to those who are not specialists in the ˆeld of boiling heat transfer, in order to make them aware of the fundamental physical mechanisms, the advantages and the main problems of this technique. Next, some of the basic knowledge achieved on terrestrial boiling heat transfer is outlined, along with the...

Leishmaniasis is a vectorborne disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Transmitted to humans by sand flies, the disease is endemic in 88 countries on 4 continents. In the United States, the disease is something of a medical curiosity, although some clinicians may be surprised to read that autochtho-nous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis occur in Texas [1], that visceral dis...

Glycobiology is emerging as a primary field of interest for biological research. As such, it is crucial to develop and improve tools for the study of sugar-modified biomolecules. Many research endeavors in the field of protein glycobiology involve boiling of proteins in sample buffer for 5-10 minutes prior to gel electrophoresis and their further characterization. Here we examined the effect of...