Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect in vitro long-term simulation oral conditions on bond strength PEEK CAD/CAM lingual retainers. Material and methods: sample consisted 12 retainers each composed 2 centrally perforated 3x4mm pads joined by a connector. They were treated 98% sulfuric acid for 1 minute then conditioned with Single Bond Universal bonded surface premol...

The aim of the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of several surface modi cation methods applied to lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDCs) on their bonding durability with resin-based cement. The LDC specimens were sectioned using a low-speed diamond cutting machine, crystallized by heating in a furnace, and then subjected to several surface modi cation treatments such as...

Concrete-epoxy interface can be found in many strengthened or retrofitted structures, especially in Hong Kong where concrete structures are the majority. In practice, epoxy is usually used in repairing concrete structures because of its excellent adhesion, chemical and heat resistance, good mechanical properties and electrical insulating properties. The bond between concrete and epoxy has been ...

Wood plastic composites are complex, anisotropic, and heterogeneous materials. A key to increasing the share of the WPC materials in the market is developing stronger, highly engineered WPCs characterized by greater structural performance and increased durability. These are achieved by enhanced manufacturing processes, more efficient profile designs, and new formulations providing better intera...

Metal-free carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction is synthesized with high activity selectivity and durability. The catalysts were synthesized by introducing oxygen and nitrogen groups from various oxygen and nitrogen precursors. The nature of nitrogen surface groups and the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the activity of the catalyst have been evaluated. XPS indicates that higher conce...

The atomic polymer technology in form of mesoporous inorganic polymer (MIP) can effectively improve material durability and performance of concrete by dramatically increase inter/intragranular bond strength of concrete at nano-scale. The strategy of MIP is fundamentally different from most additives currently on the market for industrial applications. When MIP is added to a concrete or masonry ...

Acetylation of wood imparts moisture durability, decay resistance, and dimensional stability to wood; however, making durable adhesive bonds with acetylated wood can be more difficult than with unmodified wood. The usual explanation is that the acetylated surface has fewer hydroxyl groups, resulting in a harder-to-wet surface and in fewer hydrogen bonds between wood and adhesive. This concept w...

concrete occupies unique position among the modern construction materials. Concrete is a material used in building construction, consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as aggregate (usually made for different types of sand and gravel), that is bond by cement and water. Now a days utilization of industrial soil waste or secondary materials has encouraged in construct...

I show that Swan’s (1970) independence result requires a multiplicative interaction between durability and all other quality attributes. Because there is no compelling argument for a multiplicativity in quality, monopolists tend to distort durability, even with constant marginal costs. Distortions in durability and other quality aspects are aligned exactly when the marginal cost of quality do n...

concrete is the most common material used to line irrigation canals and must maintain its durability for the lifetime of the canal. compressive strength has been used as an index to control the quality of concrete; concrete that remains durable under freeze-thaw conditions is that with high compressive strength. research has shown that concrete linings can show suitable compressive strength in ...