Composite cements have been shown to be biocompatible, bioactive, with good mechanical properties and capability to bind to the bone. Despite these interesting characteristic, in vivo studies on animal models are still incomplete and ultrastructural data are lacking. The acquisition of new ultrastructural data is hampered by uncertainties in the methods of preparation of histological samples du...

The tribological behaviour of the bearing surface in hip arthroplasty is greatly influenced by its surface roughness. During cemented hip arthroplasty, bone cement may contaminate the bearing surface. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cement polymerization on a highly cross-linked polyethylene(HCLP) bearing surface as any process influences the surface roughness of t...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of reinforced calcium phosphate cement augmentation of the femoral neck defect created after dynamic hip screw removal in a cadaveric model. METHODS The lag screws of dynamic hip screw implants were inserted and subsequently removed in 8 matched pairs of cadaveric, osteoporotic femurs to create a femoral neck defect. One of each pair had the defect augmented ...

BACKGROUND Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, which are one of the most common fractures associated with osteoporosis. However, clinical observation has shown that the risk of adjacent vertebral body fractures may increase after vertebroplasty. The mechanism underlying adjacent vertebral body fracture after vertebroplasty is not clear; excessive stiff...

Metastatic and primary bone tumors are malignant tumors affecting the skeleton. Although the prognosis of patients with these tumors has improved with the development of effective chemotherapy, the challenges of local recurrence, subsequent osteolysis, degradation of bone strength and unresectable tumors persist. Local control of these tumors is therefore a key strategy to address these limitat...

UNLABELLED Micro-invasive bone grafting is to deliver bone graft materials to the desired site through local puncturation and injection. It has many advantages such as little injury, simple procedures and high efficiency of osteogenesis. Limited sources of graft materials and complicated procedures are the main factors affecting the development of the technique. Therefore, to prepare a stable, ...

Coloured bone cements have been introduced to make the removal of cement debris easier at the time of primary and revision joint replacement. We evaluated the physical, mechanical and pharmacological effects of adding methylene blue to bone cement with or without antibiotics (gentamicin, vancomycin or both). The addition of methylene blue to plain cement significantly decreased its mean setting...

Bi-antibiotic-impregnated bone cements (BIBCs) are widely used in orthopaedics as a prophylactic agent (depot) to address post-surgical infections. Although hardness is widely considered a viable index to measure the integrity of the cement structure, there are few specific studies involving changes in hardness characteristics of BIBCs post elution of high doses of two widely used antibiotics: ...

BACKGROUND Cystic bony defects are characteristics of bone tumours especially benign ones e.g. Giant cell tumours of bone [GCT] and some metastatic tumours to bone. These patients present late with significant cystic cavities at a time the cost and availability of prosthetic implants to replace these defects sometimes precludes resection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome o...

The strength of pedicle screws attachment to the vertebrae is an important factor affecting their motion resistance and long term performance. Low bone quality, e.g. in osteopenic patients, keeps the screw bone interface at risk for subsidence and dislocation. In such cases, bone cement could be used to augment pedicle screw fixation. But its use is not free of risk. Therefore, clinicians, espe...