Bone injuries and defects, caused by trauma, malformation, osteoporosis and tumours, are therapeutically challenging. Autografts and allografts are ideal treatment approaches for bone regeneration. However, they may be associated with a number of complications, and outcomes are variable. Therefore, bone substitute biomaterials, which not only effectively solved the problem of limited supply, bu...

Tissue-engineered bone substitutes are frequently used to repair bone defects. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a promising source of cells for repairing bone tissue, however, insufficient osteogenic potency remains the main obstacle for their application. The present study aimed to enhance the osteogenic potency of ASCs by transfection of microRNA (miR)‑26a, a novel osteogenic and angioge...

Impacted bone allograft is often used in revision joint replacement. Hydroxyapatite granules have been suggested as a substitute or to enhance morcellised bone allograft. We hypothesised that adding osteogenic protein-1 to a composite of bone allograft and non-resorbable hydroxyapatite granules (ProOsteon) would improve the incorporation of bone and implant fixation. We also compared the respon...

Introduction: There is no unanimous opinion for the use of grafting agent in reconstruction depressed tibial condyle fracture. Autograft most commonly used filling elvation However there are certain limitations which led to a recent attraction toward synthetic bone substitute like crystalline hydroxyl apatite granules and blocks.In this study, we have compared functional outcome complications a...

A novel hydrogel, based on an alginate/hyaluronate mixture and Ce(III) ions, with effective bioactive and antimicrobial ability was developed to be used as vehicle of a synthetic bone substitute producing an injectable substitute (IBS). Firstly, three different IBSs were prepared using three developed alginate-based hydrogels, the hydrogel Alg composed by alginate, the hydrogel Alg/Ch composed ...

Delayed chest closure may be mandatory after heart surgery to treat a congenital disorder. Sternal closure can be challenging, even when a staged closure procedure has been performed. We present 2 case reports of a sternal augmentation technique in neonates using bovine bone substitute. Staged chest closure was mandatory because of cardiomediastinal disproportion in the first patient, and hemod...

Mineralized polymer composites (MPC) are recognized as potential fillers of bone defects. Though bioceramics exhibits quite a good bone-bonding and vascularization, it is considered to be too stiff and brittle for using alone. Thus, the use of polymer scaffold instead of bioceramics has several advantages including combining the osteoconductivity and bonebonding potential of the inorganic phase...

A case of implant-bone prosthetic rehabilitation, after the fracture of the maxillary central incisors, which had been treated with grafting of a bone substitute, is reported. This case was followed by the normal procedures of implantology within the traditional timeframe for bone regeneration. However, a barrier membrane was not used which shows that even along with the use of graft material a...

background and aim:  several reports have been published on the successful application of various bone substitute materials (bsm). appropriate physiologic and histologic characteristics and reactions of these materials against host cells are critically important. in this study, the biocompatibility of a new bone substitute material has been evaluated. materials and methods: in this experimental...

The number of grafting procedures, including those performed in primary and revision hip arthroplasty, continues to rise around the world. Demand for musculoskeletal donor tissue now outstrips supply. There is no single bone substitute that is ideal for all circumstances. Bone substitutes act as a scaffold and are usually osteoconductive. They are rarely osteoinductive; if they are, a molecular...