Studies suggest that more than one-third of persons with migraine need preventive therapy; however, only 3 to 13 percent use it. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and American Headache Society (AHS) recently reviewed studies published since 2000 to determine which therapies reduce migraine frequency or severity, or reduce the number of days with migraine. These guidelines do not address o...

doses of opioids. Treatment is often unsatisfactory with few reports of success with sympathetic block, lumbar epidural blocks or epidural spinal cord stimulation [7–9] . We describe herein 2 patients with PLMT in whom analgesic multipharmacy failed to relieve their severe lower limb pain. On the other hand treatment with Botulinum toxin type A (Botox , Allergan, Inc.) resulted in both pain rel...

Objectives The aim of the study was to compare efficacy onabotulinumtoxinA and anticholinergic popeverine in adult females. This is a placebo-controlled study. Introduction active ingredient, propiverine hydrochloride, blocks muscarinic receptors with slightly higher affinity for M3 as compared M2 subtype. In addition, it inhibits calcium influx modulates intracellular bladder smooth-muscle cel...

As women seek lasting beauty and career advancement through breast enhancements, fuller lips, bio-identical hormone replacement, cosmetic surgery and botox injections, men are ostracized for any measure that will boost sports performance, improve virility or physical appearance. Professional athletes, for example, taking legal testosterone precursors may be asked to testify in front of the Unit...